Unit 4- communication and aging

what is a TBI

Traumatic brain injury- damage caused by external forces

what are the common causes of TBI?

motor vehicle accident, falls, assaults, abuse, collision, sports

what is the most common cause for TBI in 65 and older

falls

A TBI can cause…

dysarthria, dysphagia, aphasia, apraxia, cognitive communication deficits 

dysarthria

motor speech disorder- deficits in execution of speech movements

dysphagia

swallowing disorder

aphasia

acquired language disorder

apraxia of speech

motor speech disorder- deficits in planning and programming of speech movements

cognitive communication deficits

difficulty with an aspect of communication that is affected by disruption of cognition

closed head v. open head injuries

closed head- results from outside force to head, but the skull is not broken

open head- head injury where skull is broken

diffuse damage

widespread damage

focal damage

localized damage, confined to one area

Primary damage in TBI

occurs at the time of impact (first hit)

secondary damage in TBI

occurs as an indirect result of the initial hit

What types of attention can be affected by TBI

sustained, selective, alternating, and divided

what types of memory can be affected by TBI

working (S), episodic, semantic, procedural (L)

what is RHD

right hemisphere damage, acquired brain injury

what causes RHD

occurs secondary to stroke or TBI, can result from tumors, infections, and trauma

what communication deficits do we expect in RHD

linguistic, perceptual, emotional affect, cognitive

linguistic deficits 

troubles with production and comprehension in….

abstract meaning, figurative language, irony, sarcasm, pragmatic language 

Perceptual deficits

visual agnosia, prosopagnosia, simultanagnosia

prosopagnosia

unable to recognize faces

simultanagnosia

only see parts of a picture and not the whole thing

visual agnosia 

unable to recognize objects and colors

emotional affect deficits

aprosodia (deficits in prosody), flat affect (flat facial expression), emotional lability (high highs, low lows)

cognitive deficits

attention (unilateral left side neglect), memory (working and long term), executive function, anosognosia