EXAM 3: Nerves, Eyes, Ears

NURS208: Health Assessment

lacrimation

product of making tears

prebyopia

decreased vision due to aging

myopia

nearsightedness

diplopia

double vision

strabismus

cross eyed

nystagmus

shaking eyes back and forth

ptosis

eyelids hang or droop

conjunctiva

inside the bottom eyelid

photophobia

lights bother a person

visual acuity: cranial nerve

II

visual acuity: test distant

Snellen Eye Chart, stand 20 ft back

visual acuity: near test

jaeger, 14inches away from face, read off card

visual fields: cranial nerve

II

visual fields: test

confrontation test- stand toe to toe and check peripheral vision

extraocular muscle function: cranial nerve

III, IV, VI

extraocular muscle function: test

diagnostic position test/cardinal fields of gaze

what age do people stop being able to read 14 inches away?

middle age/40s

what is 20/20 vision?

how accurate your vision is / compared to a normal patient

what does the first number of 20/20 mean?

distance of the patient’s visual acuity

inspection of external eye structures

eyebrows, eyelids/lashes, conjunctiva, sclera, symmetry, pupils, cornea, lens

what cranial nerves control the reaction to light?

CN II & III

what does PERRL stand for?

pupils, equal, round, reactive, light

should the pupils look like with a pen light?

size (3-5 mm), round, direct response, accommodation (eyes fixed on object)

what areas do we palpate on the eyes?

lacrimal gland, puncta, eyelids

cataracts

clouding over the lens of the eye

glaucoma

build up of pressure, loss of peripheral vision

macular degerneration

central vision is lost, but peripheral vision stays

diabetic retionpathy

blood vessel in retina is fragile, patient sees black spots

older adults age related conditions

decreased elasticity, tears, and fat in eyelids

age related conditions: arcus senilis in older adults

whitish grey ring around the cornea of the eye

age related conditions: xanthelasma in older adults

yellow fatty deposits around the eyes

>70 years increases their risk of…

cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration

exophthalmos

bulging of the eyes

ectropion of lids

eyelids turns outward so the inner eyelid is exposed

entropian of lids

eyelid turns inward and makes eyelashes touch the eye which causes irritation

conjunctivitis

pink eye, inflammation of the outer membrane and inner eyelid

cereumen

produced in the external auditory canal, keeps tympanic membrane soft and serves as a defense

tinnitus

ringing in the ears

otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear (eardrum)

otitis externa

inflammation of outer ear

otosclerosis

narrowing and fusion hearing loss of inner ear

presbycusis

hearing loss as you age

risk factors for ears

upper respiratory infection, secondhand smoke, daycare, schools

how can hearing loss occur?

exposure to noise, recurrent ear infections, meds, genetics, aging

what are we inspecting for on the ear?

size, shape, skin condition, tenderness, external auditory meatus

what are we palpating in the external ear?

tragus, helix, mastoid process

what are the types of hearing screenings?

rinne test and weber test

how to use the otoscope on adults?

handle up, pull ear up and out

how to use the otoscope on kids/age 2 under?

handle down, pull ear down

cone of light reflex

5 o’clock R ear, 7 o’clock L ear