CPH Lec Week 6

Acute Respiratory Infection

Leading Causes of Morbidity in the Philippines

Ischemic Heart Diseases

Leading Causes of Mortality in the Philippines

Acute Respiratory Infection

is a leading cause of death in children under the age of 5 in developing countries

Pneumonia

___ is the most serious Acute Respiratory infection but often treated with antibiotics

Influenza A (H1N1)

___ is a type of influenza virus that can cause a highly contagious respiratory disease

influenza viruses

Influenza A (H1N1)

___ infect respiratory tract resulting in nasal secretions, barking-like cough, decreased appetite, listless behavior

Bird Flu

A contagious disease of livestock (chicken, duck, birds) which may also cause severe infection in humans

influenza virus A (H5N1)

Bird Flu

• Cause: ___

Influenza

Commonly called the flu is a viral infection that attacks the respiratory system and is not the same as the stomach "flu" virus that causes diarrhea and vomiting

1 to 3

Influenza has an incubation period of _ to _ days

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

___ is a life-threatening respiratory illness

cared for or lived

Most cases involved people who ___ or ___ with someone having SARS, had direct contact with infectious material from someone who had SARS, and touched the skin of people or objects contaminated with infectious droplets and then touched their eyes, noses, or mouths

• corona virus

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

• Cause: ___ associated with common cold virus

14

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

• Signs and Symptoms: history of travel to a country or area affected by SARS or had close contact with a SARS patient and within _ days shows signs and symptoms

2 to 7

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

• Signs and Symptoms: difficulty breathing after _ to _ days

Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

___ is an infectious disease that most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel much like a cold, flu, or pneumonia

Long COVID

Some patients develop post-COVID conditions, also called "___"

SARS-CoV-2 virus

Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

• Cause: ___

viruses

Flu vs COVID-19

• both are contagious respiratory illness but caused by different ___

Long COVID

is defined as a chronic condition that occurs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and is present for at least 3 months; range of symptoms or conditions may improve,

COVID-19 Rebound

a return of symptoms or a new positive test 3-7 days after recovering from the initial illness, or after having tested negative for SARS-CoV-2; rebound symptoms are typically mild and resolve in a few days

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

___is the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide (WHO, 2022) majority from low-and middle-income countries like the Philippines

noxious particles or gases

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

• It is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities caused by significant exposure to ___ or ___

Cigarette Smoking

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

• Cause: ___

sputum or phlegm

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

• Signs and Symptoms: progressive shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, chronic cough, chronic ___ or ___ production

smoking cessation

___ remains key as medical management does not treat COPD but only manages symptoms and improve smoking abstinence

Asthma

___ is a major non-communicable disease affecting both children and adults wherein the airways narrow causing difficulty breathing and wheezing

Tuberculosis

___ is an infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis) but may affect other parts of the body such as the bones, joints, meninges, genitourinary tract, intestines, liver, kidneys, and heart (extrapulmonary tuberculosis)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis or tubercle bacilli

Tuberculosis

• Cause: ___ or ___

5

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria will be killed in _ minutes after direct exposure to sunlight

1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria can survive for up to _ year in dark, moist, and poorly ventilated area

22 weeks

Tuberculosis

• Signs and Symptoms: cough for ___

Leprosy

A chronic, mildly communicable disease mainly affecting the skin, peripheral nerves, eyes, and mucosa of upper respiratory tract

Mycobacterium leprae bacillus

Leprosy

• Cause: ___

Urinary Tract infection

___ occur when germs from the skin or rectum enter the urethra and infect the urinary system

bladder infection (cystitis)

Several parts of the urinary tract can get infected, but the most common type is a ___

Cervicitis

___ is the infection of the lower end of the uterus which may be acute (milder and develops rapidly) or chronic (persists for months or years)

Endometriosis

___ is when uterine-like tissue forms in places other than the uterus (other female reproductive parts, bowels, bladder, ureter, lungs, diaphragm, etc.)

Retrograde menstruation

endometrial-rich menstrual blood flows back through the fallopian tubes into the pelvis; endometrial cells adhere to pelvic organs and walls, thickening and bleeding during menstruation

Human immunodeficiency Virus

___ gradually weakens the immune system, rendering the body defenseless against any form of pathogen, including those not causing diseases in healthy human beings

White Blood Cells

Human immunodeficiency Virus destroys ___

3 to 6

Human immunodeficiency Virus

• Signs and Symptoms: early symptoms manifests _ to _ weeks after infection resembling a typical viral infection

Rabies

A deadly viral infection that is mainly spread by infected animals

rabies virus

Rabies

• Casue: ___

hydrophobia and aerophobia

Rabies

• Signs and Symptoms: headache or fever, pain or numbness of bite site, delirium and paralysis, muscle spasms, ___ and ___

Hypertensive disease

is the most common among the diseases of the cardiovascular system where there is too much force on the walls of blood vessels It is one of the major risk factors in the development of stroke and heart attack

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

___ is a general term for many different disorders that result from a thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial wall leading to the formation of plaque in the blood vessels causing ASCVD

Heart Attack or Myocardial Infarction

• Signs and Symptoms:

  • chest pain or discomfort

  • weakness

  • lightheadedness

  • fainting

  • discomfort in the jaw

  • neck, or back

  • pain or discomfort in one or both arms or shoulders

  • shortness of breath

Stroke

• Signs and Symptoms:

  • sudden onset of numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body

  • confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech; trouble seeing in one or both eyes

  • trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination

  • severe headache with no known cause

Loss of Balance

BE FAST Meaning

• ___

• Blurred Vision

• One side of the face is dropping

• Arms or Leg Weakness

• Speech Difficulty

• Time to call for an ambulance

Blurred Vision

BE FAST Meaning

• Loss of Balance

• ___

• One side of the face is dropping

• Arms or Leg Weakness

• Speech Difficulty

• Time to call for an ambulance

One side of the face is dropping

BE FAST Meaning

• Loss of Balance

• Blurred Vision

• ___

• Arms or Leg Weakness

• Speech Difficulty

• Time to call for an ambulance

Arms or Leg Weakness

BE FAST Meaning

• Loss of Balance

• Blurred Vision

• One side of the face is dropping

• ___

• Speech Difficulty

• Time to call for an ambulance

Speech Difficulty

BE FAST Meaning

• Loss of Balance

• Blurred Vision

• One side of the face is dropping

• Arms or Leg Weakness

• ___

• Time to call for an ambulance

Time to call for an ambulance

BE FAST Meaning

• Loss of Balance

• Blurred Vision

• One side of the face is dropping

• Arms or Leg Weakness

• Speech Difficulty

• ___

Peripheral Artery Disease

• Signs and Symptoms

  • painful cramping in one or both of your hips, thighs, or calf muscles after certain activities, such as walking or climbing stairs

  • leg numbness or weakness

  • coldness in lower leg or foot, especially when compared with the other side

  • sores on toes, feet or legs that won't heal

  • change in the color of legs

  • hair loss or slower hair growth on feet and legs

  • absent or weak pulse in legs or feet

Heart Failure

___ is a complex clinical syndrome that results from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood, which in turn leads to the cardinal clinical symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue, and signs of HF, namely edema and rales

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Refers to any condition from a group of conditions that affect the flow of blood through the brain It most commonly refers to stroke, also called a "brain attack"

facial drooping

Cerebrovascular Diseases

• F.A.S.T

  • F - ___

  • A - arm weakness

  • S - speech difficulty

  • T - time

arm weakness

Cerebrovascular Diseases

• F.A.S.T

  • F - facial drooping

  • A - ___

  • S - speech difficulty

  • T - time

speech difficulty

Cerebrovascular Diseases

• F.A.S.T

  • F - facial drooping

  • A - arm weakness

  • S - ___

  • T - time

time

Cerebrovascular Diseases

• F.A.S.T

  • F - facial drooping

  • A - arm weakness

  • S - speech difficulty

  • T - ___

Time

___ is the most crucial factor for better stroke outcomes

Diabetes mellitus

___ is a disease in which the body cannot control the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood leading to a build up of glucose in the blood, which damage blood vessels, nerves, and organs over time

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

When the body does not make enough insulin

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

When the body stops responding to insulin

Lung Cancer

___ is the second most common type of cancer in the Philippines after breast cancer

Colorectal Cancer

___ affects the colon and/or the rectum

Colorectal Cancer

It is currently the third most common type of cancer in the Philippines after breast and lung cancer

polyps

Colorectal Cancer

• most start as ___ changing over time

Breast Cancer

___ is currently the world's mostly commonly diagnosed cancer

mammogram

yearly ___ to manage Breast Cancer

Ovarian Cancer

___ is the 5th most common type of cancer affecting Filipino women and a higher risk for this disease is among women aged > 40

Prostate Cancer

___ is currently the third most common type of cancer among Filipino men, usually affecting older men (age 2 65 years old)