Chapter 06: Nervous System

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

What structures make up the CNS?

Brain and spinal cord.

What structures make up the PNS?

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral nerves.

What is a neuron?

A nerve cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals.

What is the function of dendrites?

Receive signals toward the cell body.

What is the function of the axon?

Carries impulses away from the cell body.

What is myelin?

Insulating covering that speeds nerve impulse conduction.

What is a synapse?

Junction between neurons or between a neuron and target cell.

What are neurotransmitters?

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses.

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Controls involuntary body functions.

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Fight-or-flight response: increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and mobilizes energy.

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Rest-and-digest response: slows heart rate and supports digestion.

What is a stroke?

Interruption of blood flow to the brain causing neurologic deficits.

What does FAST stand for in stroke recognition?

Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call 911.

What should an MA do for sudden weakness, facial droop, or slurred speech?

Activate emergency protocol/call EMS immediately and notify the provider.

What is syncope?

Fainting or temporary loss of consciousness.

What should an MA do if a patient feels faint?

Assist the patient to a safe position, protect from injury, notify the provider, and assess vital signs per protocol.

What is a seizure?

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

What is the correct response during a seizure?

Protect from injury, do not restrain, do not place anything in the mouth, time the seizure, and notify the provider/EMS per protocol.