Social psych unit2

What are the two components of the self as discussed in the lecture?

The self consists of the experiential consciousness (I) and the self-concept (Me).

What does the term 'Looking Glass Self' refer to?

It refers to the idea that our self-concept is shaped by how we think others perceive us.

Define Independent self-system.

The self is seen as separate and distinct from others, with a focus on personal identity.

Define Interdependent self-system.

The self is viewed as permeable and integrated with others, emphasizing social relationships and group identity.

What is self-esteem?

A global evaluation of one's worth and competence, not domain-specific.

What does Rotter's Locus of Control refer to?

It is an older idea that has been replaced by Bandura's concept of self-efficacy.

What is self-efficacy?

A person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks.

What is self-regulation?

The ability to control one's behavior and impulses, interpreted as a limited capacity resource.

What is the 'better than average' effect?

The tendency for individuals to rate themselves as better than average on various skills and traits.

Explain the concept of self-handicapping.

Creating excuses for potential future failures to protect self-esteem.

What is cognitive dissonance?

A psychological discomfort experienced when holding conflicting cognitions, often leading to attitude change.

What is the main hypothesis of the self-affirmation theory?

Affirming one's competence in a different area can alleviate the threat to self-esteem caused by attitude-behavior inconsistency.

What is the theory of planned behavior?

A theory stating that behavioral intentions are influenced by specific attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.

What role does fear play in persuasion?

Fear can be an effective motivator when combined with actionable information on how to achieve the desired change.

What is the effect of discrepancy on attitude change?

The amount of discrepancy between a person's current attitude and the persuasive message determines the potential for attitude change.

What is the primary difference between central and peripheral routes to persuasion?

The central route involves analytical and motivated processing of information, while the peripheral route relies on superficial cues and low effort.

What is the self-concept?

The self-concept (Me) is the perception one has of themselves, shaped by experiences and social feedback.

What is the role of social relationships in the interdependent self-system?

Social relationships are central, influencing how individuals define their identity and self-worth.

How can high self-esteem benefit individuals?

High self-esteem can lead to greater resilience, better coping strategies, and overall improved mental health.

What is Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy?

It emphasizes that one's belief in their ability to succeed influences their motivation and performance.

What are some strategies for improving self-regulation?

Setting clear goals, practicing self-discipline, and developing healthy habits can enhance self-regulation.

What factors contribute to the 'better than average' effect?

Cognitive biases and social comparisons often lead individuals to feel superior to others in skills and traits.

How can cognitive dissonance lead to behavior change?

The discomfort of conflicting beliefs may motivate individuals to change their attitudes or behavior to reduce dissonance.

How is self-affirmation used in the self-affirmation theory?

By focusing on strengths or values, individuals can mitigate the impact of threats to their self-esteem.

What are subjective norms in the theory of planned behavior?

Subjective norms refer to the perceived social pressure to perform or not perform a behavior.

What types of fear are most effective in persuasion?

Fear is most effective when it is accompanied by clear, actionable solutions to address the fear.

What is the significance of discrepancy in attitude change?

A greater discrepancy between current attitudes and persuasive messages can enhance motivation for attitude change.

When are central and peripheral routes to persuasion utilized?

The central route is used when individuals are motivated and able to process information; the peripheral route is used when they are not.