Learning

Learning

the changing of behavior in response to experience

Classical conditioning

A type of learning in which we link/associate 2 or more stimuli, as a result, the first stimulus comes to elicit behavior in anticipation of the second stimulus

Neutral stimulus

A stimulus that doesn’t naturally cause a response in the organism

Unconditioned response

The unlearned, naturally occurring response the unconditioned stimulus

Unconditioned stimulus

A stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically triggers a response

Conditioned response

The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Conditioned stimulus

An originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Acquisition

The initial stage in classical conditioning when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response

Extinction

Decrease in the strength or frequency of a learned response or frequency of a learned response because of no longer paring the UCS and CS

Spontaneous recovery

Reappearance if an extinguished response after the passage of time without further conditioning

Generalization

the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli.

Discrimination

the ability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli

Operant conditioning

Type of learning in which behaviors are emitted to earn incentives or avoid punishments

Law of effect

Behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Operant chamber

Box with a bar or key that an animal manipulates to obtain a reinforcer like food or water

Reinforcement

A stimulus or event that follows a behavior and makes that behavior more likely to occur again

Shaping

The operant conducting procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward close and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Positive reinforcement

Adds something incentivizing following a behavior, making that behavior more likely to occur again

Negative reinforcement

Removed something unpleasant that is already in the environment following a behavior, making that behavior more likely to occur again

Primary reinforcer

An innately reinforcing stimulus such as one that satisfies a biological need

Conditioned reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, also known as a secondary reinforcer