Chapter 20 - The Progressives

Progressives/Progressives

A group of reformers who worked to solve problems caused by the rapid industrial urban growth of the late 1800s.

Muckrakers

Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public.

Social Gospel

A movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation.

Settlement House Movement/Hull House

Social movement designed to get the rich and poor in society to live more closely together. Settlement houses were located in poorer neighborhoods and staffed by middle class workers who hoped to share their knowledge and alleviate poverty.

Jane Addams and Hull House

Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English.

NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association)

The major organization for suffrage for women, it was founded in 1890 by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Supported the Wilson administration during World War I and split with the more radical National Woman's Party, who in 1917 began to picket the White House because Wilson had not forcefully stated that women should get the vote.

National Women's Party

A militant feminist group led by Alice Paul that argued the Nineteenth Amendment was not adequate enough to protect women's rights. They believed they needed a more constitutional amendment that would clearly provide legal protection of their rights and prohibit sex-based discrimination.

19th Amendment (1920)

Ratified on August 18, 1920 (drafted by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton), prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. The Constitution allows the states to determine the qualifications for voting, and until the 1910's most states disenfranchised women. The amendment was the culmination of the women's suffrage movement in the U.S.

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Three powers reserved to enable the voters, by petition, to propose or repeal legislation or to remove an elected official from office.

Triangular Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Fire broke out in a New York garment factory. 146 women were trapped and died because there were not adequate fire escapes and the doors were locked.

Muller vs. Oregon

1908- Louis Brandeis. Supreme Court accepted constitutionality of laws protecting women workers by presenting evidence of the harmful effects of factory labor on women's weaker bodies.

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

W.E.B. DuBois

Co-founded the NAACP to help secure legal equality for minority citizens.

NAACP

National Associate for the Advancement of Colored People. Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans.

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Eugene V. Debs, Socialist Party of America

Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.

Trust Busting

Government activities aimed at breaking up monopolies and trusts.

The Jungle/Upton Sinclair

The author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906, the bad quality of meat and the dangerous working conditions.

William Howard Taft

27th President of the United States; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.

Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party)

An early 20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize.

Federal Reserve Act

A 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply.