monohybrid cross flashcards

What is a gene?

A unit of heritable information for a trait.

Where are genes located?

On the DNA of chromosomes.

What do sexually reproducing organisms have in terms of chromosomes?

Two of each chromosome, one maternal and one paternal.

What is the process that produces gametes?

Meiosis.

What is the result of meiosis?

Haploid cells, each receiving either homologue randomly.

What increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Cross-over.

Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Gregor Mendel.

What type of traits did Mendel observe in pea plants?

Traits that were either-or, such as red or white flowers.

What is a monohybrid cross?

A cross between parents that differ in a single trait.

What did Mendel conclude about traits in F1 hybrids?

One trait is 'hidden' in F1 hybrids.

What is Mendel's First Law?

Every individual possesses two alleles for a trait that separate during gamete formation in equal proportions.

What are alleles?

Different versions of a gene.

What does a Punnett Square predict?

The outcomes of genetic crosses.

What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring of a monohybrid cross?

3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits.

What is a test cross?

Crossing a dominant phenotype with a recessive phenotype to establish genotype.

What happens when a DEET-insensitive mosquito is crossed with a wild type mosquito?

All progeny are DEET-insensitive.

What proportion of offspring would be DEET-insensitive if an F1 hybrid is back-crossed with a wild type?

50%.

What is the significance of 'potentially formative units' in Mendel's findings?

They must be in pairs in an organism, with each parent contributing one.

What does dominance mean in genetics?

One version of a trait is dominant, while the other is recessive and only seen when both units are recessive.

What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Genes are located on chromosomes and segregate during meiosis.

What is the outcome of a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Yy)?

25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous dominant, 25% homozygous recessive.

What does the term 'pure-breeding' refer to?

Organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves for a specific trait.

What is the role of the starch branching enzyme in pea plants?

Determines the phenotype of smooth or wrinkled seeds based on its functionality.