Vertebrate Zoology: The Amphibians

These flashcards cover the key vocabulary and concepts related to amphibians, including their classification, physiological adaptations, reproduction, and conservation issues.

Tetrapoda

Superclass that includes four-limbed organisms, which evolved characteristics suitable for life in shallow water.

Amphibia

Class of vertebrates known for their moist, scaleless skin and life cycle that typically includes a larval stage in water.

Cutaneous respiration

Gas exchange through the skin, a method used by amphibians.

Neoteny

Retention of larval characteristics in adulthood, as seen in certain species like the Axolotl.

Amplexus

The mating embrace of frogs where the male grasps the female from behind to assist in egg fertilization.

Metamorphosis

The developmental process in amphibians where they transition from larval to adult form, typically triggered by hormones.

Granular glands

Skin glands in amphibians that secrete toxins for defense.

Pedicellate teeth

Teeth structure in amphibians where the crown (top part) and pedicel (base) are made of dentine.

Vomeronasal organ

Jacobson's organ that detects pheromones and plays a role in chemical communication.

Caudata

Order of amphibians that includes salamanders, characterized by their elongated bodies and tails.

Gymnophiona

Order of legless amphibians, commonly known as caecilians, which are burrowing or aquatic.

Chytrid fungus

A disease-causing pathogen affecting amphibians, leading to reduced respiration and water absorption.

Oviparous

A mode of reproduction where eggs are deposited outside the female's body.

Viviparous

A mode of reproduction where young develop inside the female's body and are born live.

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Hormone that influences skin pigmentation and color changes in amphibians.

Habitat loss

The primary threat to amphibians, often caused by human activities such as deforestation and agriculture.

Chromatophores

Pigment-containing cells in amphibian skin that help them change color; include melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores.