Body structure and function chapter 2

Elements

all matter, both living and nonliving, is made of elemts, the simplest chemicals

true or false

an element is a substance made of only one atom

inorganic compounds

simple molecules that are made up of one or two different elements; essential to body structure and function

inorganic compounds of importance

water; water compartments; oxygen; carbon dioxide; cell respiration; trace elements; acids; bases and pH

solvent

dissolving things

lubricant

helps prevent friction

water

changes temperature slowly—has a high heat capacity

intracellular fluid

water within the cellse

extracellular fluid

everything else (all the other water in the rest of the plasma)

plasma

water part of the blood

lymph

water found in lymph vessels

tissue fluid or interstitial fluid

water found in the small spaces between the cells

oxygen

in the form of a gas, 21% of atmosphere

important for cell respiration, in which cells break down simple nutrients such as glucose in order to release energy

carbon dioxide

is a waste product of cells, as a produt of cell respiration

must be exhaled to keep the body from becoming acidic

acidosi

too much o2

alkalosis

too much alkali or base in the body

Cell respiration

energy production within the cells

acid

increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a water solution—- to many hydrogen ions

base

a substance that decreases the concentration of H + ions, which in the case of water, has the same effect as increasing the concentration of hydroxl ions —— NOT ENOUGH HYDROGEN IONS

pH

acidity or alkanility of a solution is measured on a scaled of values called pH

Blood pH range

7.35-7.45

buffer system

is a chemical or pair of chemicals that minimizes changes in pH by reacting with strong acids or strong bases to transform them into substances that will not drastically change pH

Enzymes

are catalasts which means that they speed up a reaction

DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid

double helix of nucleotides

make up the chromosomes of the cells; in the nucleus of the cell

is a genetic code or gene for hereditary characteristics

46 chromosomes or diploid number of chromosomes

RNA- ribonucleic acid

a signle strand of nucleotides

copies the genetic code of DNA

helps assemble amino acids into proteins in the cytoplasm of cells (protein synthesis)

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

a single adenine nucleotide with three phosphate groups

an energy transferring molecule

formed when cell respiration releases energy from food molecules

used for energy requiring cellular processes

is the energy of ribose