Colonial Interactions: Spanish, Native Americans, and Puritans

Encomienda System

Labor system forcing natives to work for Spanish landlords.

Mestizo

Mixed Spanish and Native American population.

Antonio de Montesinos

Priest who condemned the encomienda system in 1511.

John Rolfe

Introduced profitable tobacco cultivation in Virginia.

Tobacco

Cash crop that drove Virginia's economy.

Headright System

Granted 50 acres for paying passage to Virginia.

Indentured Servants

Workers contracted for 4-7 years for land.

Bacon's Rebellion

Revolt against Governor Berkeley's policies in 1676.

House of Burgesses

First representative assembly in colonial America.

Puritans

Sought to purify Anglican church from Catholicism.

Civic Officials

Puritan church members enforcing religious laws.

Anne Hutchinson

Banished dissenter who challenged Puritan authority.

Roger Williams

Founded Rhode Island advocating for Native American rights.

Religious Laws

Criminalized sins like drunkenness and idleness.

Puritan Church

Central to governance and moral instruction.

Native American Resistance

Opposition to Spanish colonization and land exploitation.

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America.

Brown Gold

Nickname for Virginia's lucrative tobacco crop.

Virginia Colony

Established for economic opportunities and cash crops.

Colonial Tensions

Conflict over land and resources with Native Americans.

Intermarriage

Spanish settlers often married Native American women.

Puritan Values

Emphasized direct experience of God through faith.

Religious Dissent

Opposition to established religious norms in colonies.

Taxation by Tributes

Demands for corn and labor from Native Americans.

Colonial Expansion

English settlers sought more land for agriculture.

Systematic Slavery

Transition from indentured servitude to African slavery.

Providence

New colony founded by Roger Williams.

Separation of Church and State

Williams' principle to prevent government interference in religion.

General Court

Massachusetts governing body that ordered Williams' arrest.

Narragansett Tribe

Local Native Americans with whom Williams negotiated.

Land Disputes

Conflicts over land use between settlers and Native Americans.

Native American Land Use

Required twenty acres for every colonial acre.

Land Treaties

Agreements perceived differently by Native Americans and Europeans.

New Netherland

Colony known for its diversity of settlers.

Quaker Ideals

Belief in God's inner light and pacifism.

William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania, promoting Quaker principles.

City of Brotherly Love

Philadelphia, planned by William Penn.

50 Acres of Land

Guaranteed to every adult male settler by Penn.

Religious Freedom

Core principle in Penn's governance of Pennsylvania.

Radical Views

Quakers faced persecution for their beliefs.

Anglicans and Puritans

Groups that harassed Quakers in England.

Pennsylvania Court System

Included both colonists and Native Americans for dispute resolution.

Diversity in New Netherland

Attracted Dutch, Germans, French, and Africans.

Iroquois Confederacy

Powerful Native American group influencing trade.

Pacifism

Quaker opposition to war and military service.

Colonial Farming Needs

Colonists required land for agriculture, impacting Native Americans.

Cultural Conflicts

Disagreements between settlers and Native Americans over land.

English Settlers' Claims

Williams argued they needed to purchase land from Natives.

Holy Experiment

Penn's vision for a fair and just colony.

Trade with Native Americans

Dutch focused on trade rather than conquest.

Religious Beliefs

Williams opposed punishment for differing beliefs.

Settler Population

Increased rapidly, threatening Native American lifestyles.