Biomechanics test 1 vocab

Kinetics

Study of forces that inhibit, cause, facilitate, or modify motion of a body

Kinematics

study of description of the spatial and temporal characteristics of motion without regard to the causative forces

Motor Learning

Relatively permanent changes in proficiency of motor control through experience and /or practice

Ergonomics

discipline concerned with human-machine interactions

Motor Development

progression of motor control throughout the lifespan due to maturation

Physical Therapy

field dedicated to evaluating and treating movement abnormalities

Pedagogy

study of principles and methods of instructions

Functional Anatomy

study of the specific functions of individual structures that make up an organism

Open-loop Movement

movements occurring too rapidly to be modified by sensory feedback

Propriceptors

responsible for providing information concerning joint position, velocity, muscle tension and rate-of-change in length, and other important information related to maintaining equilibrium

Occupational Therapy

field focused on helping people improve their ability to carry out activities of daily living and self-care tasks after an injury, disability, or other health conditions

Closed-loop movements

movements that can change during performance due to sensory feedback

Continuous skill

cycles of motion performed repeatedly with no well-defined beginning or end

anatomical position

Reference position defined by standing erect with all points extended, feet parallel, palms facing forward, and fingers together

mediolateral axis

axis that passes horizontally side-to-side and is perpendicular to the sagittal plane

anteroposterior axis

axis that runs horizontally from front to back and is perpendicular to the frontal plane of motion

superoinferior axis

axis that passes up and down and is perpendicular to the transverse plane

gross movement

motion that is the result of large muscle group activity and requires little precision

fine movement

motion that is precise and generally controlled by small muscle groups

sagittal plane

vertical plane dividing the body into right and left halves

frontal plane

vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior halves

transverse plane

horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior halves

Motion

a change in position with respect to both spatial and temporal frames of refrence

force

something that possess the capability to cause a change in motion or shape of the system

rotation

motion around a fixed axis and therefore in a circular path; angular motion

discrete skill

motion that has a definite beginning and end-point

Kinetic chain

system of linked rigid bodies subject to force application

component apporach

qualitative analysis approach that views the whole body as a system that progresses through stages or phases as it refines movement patterns

direction

sense or way in which a force is applied; represented by the tip of a vector

orientation

the alignment or inclination of the vector in relation to the cardinal directions

magnitude

size or amount of an applied force; represented by the length of a vector

line of action

an imaginary line extended infinitely along a vector through both the tip and tail, representing the path along which the vector would travel if moved forward or backward

inertia

a body’s resistance to having its state of motion changed by application of a force

vector quantity

a quantity that can only be fully specified with a magnitude of appropriate units and precise direction

weight

measure of the force with which gravity pulls upon an object’s mass

point of application

the point or location at which a system receives an applied force; usually defined by the tail of the vector

plane polar coordinates

coordinates representing the location of a point within a polar coordinate system

resultant

a single vector representative of the sum of multiple vectors

scalar quantity

a quantity that can be fully specified simply with a single numerical magnitude of appropriate units

mass

the quantity of matter of which a body is composed

composit approach

qualitative analysis approach that views the body in component sections with each section progressing through more refined steps toward mature movement patterns