Nursing Practice and Pathophysiology Comprehensive Review

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering pharmacology for schizophrenia, UTI complications, infection control, legal and ethical standards in nursing, mobility disorders, Parkinson's disease, and cultural competence.

Haloperidol

$1^{st}$ gen (typical) antipsychotic used for positive symptoms only; side effects include EPS.

Risperidone

$2^{nd}$ gen (atypical) antipsychotic used for both positive and negative symptoms; side effects include weight gain and increased glucose.

Benztropine

An anticholinergic medication used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

NMS

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome; a complication that can be caused by both $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ generation antipsychotics.

colombia Suicide scale

A tool used for suicide risk concerns in patients with Schizophrenia, where $20-40\%$ attempt suicide.

Vesicoureteral Reflux

Backwards urine flow that carries bacteria towards the kidneys.

Uncomplicated UTI

An infection in the urinary tract usually involving only the bladder, treated with a short antibiotic course.

Complicated UTI

An infection involving underlying factors like catheterization, pregnancy, or diabetes; treated with a longer antibiotic course of $7-21$ days.

Donning PPE Order

$1.$ gown, $2.$ mask, $3.$ goggles, $4.$ gloves.

Doffing PPE Order

$1.$ gloves, $2.$ goggles, $3.$ gown, $4.$ mask.

Pyelonephritis

A rare but serious complication where a UTI reaches the kidneys.

Urosepsis/bacteremia

A complication where a UTI spreads from the urinary tract into the blood stream.

Cystoscopy

A diagnostic procedure used for recurrent UTIs, calculi, diverticula, or strictures.

Etiologic Agent

The first link in the chain of infection, such as a bacteria or virus.

Airborne Precautions

Precautions for mma, chicken pox, zoster, or tuberculosis requiring a private room and an $N95$ respirator or higher.

Droplet Precautions

Precautions for flu, COVID, or meningitis; requires a surgical mask.

Contact Precautions

Precautions for MDROs (MRSA, VRE), C.Diff, or scabies; requires gown and gloves.

Premorbid phase

The first phase of schizophrenia characterized by shy and withdrawn behavior and poor peer relationships.

Prodromal phase

The phase of schizophrenia lasting a few weeks to years where social withdrawal and functional impairment become apparent.

Waxy flexibility

A positive symptom of schizophrenia involving passive yielding of all movable body parts to any effort made at placing them in tertentu positions.

Anergia

A deficiency of energy.

Loose associations

A positive symptom where ideas shift from one unrelated topic to another.

Normalized deviation

Unacceptable norms forming over time, such as not following proper gel in/gel out or PPE requirements.

Competence

Having sufficient capacity and ability to make reasoned decisions.

Tort

When someone carries out an act or fails to carry out an act that results in injury or harm to the patient.

Near miss event

An error of commission or omission that could have harmed the patient, but serious harm did not occur because the error was caught.

Sentinel event

An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury that requires immediate investigation.

PSDA (patient self determination Act)

Act that informs patients of their right to make decisions regarding care and the right to refuse treatment.

Assault

Threatening to touch someone without their consent.

Battery

Touching someone without their consent.

Libel

Written defamation of character using false statements.

Primary osteoporosis

Bone loss associated with age or postmenopausal status, where falling estrogen accelerates bone resorption.

Disuse Syndrome

Signs and symptoms that result from inactivity or a sedentary lifestyle.

Rheumatoid arthritis

A chronic, systemic, autoimmune inflammatory disease involving joint swelling and tenderness.

Functional Ability

An individual's ability to perform normal ADLs to meet basic needs across cognitive, social, physical, and emotional dimensions.

Instrumental ADLs

Complex skills for independent community living, such as managing money, grocery shopping, or medication management.

Bradykinesia

One of the $4$ cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's characterized by slow or absent movement.

Anosmia

The loss of the sense of smell, which can appear years before motor symptoms in Parkinson's.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Surgical management for Parkinson's where electrodes deliver current to reduce dyskinesias and tremors.

Emic view

How patients and families understand and experience their health and care based on cultural beliefs.

Etic view

How healthcare providers and biomedical science understand health and illness.

LEARN Model

A model for culturally congruent care standing for Listen, Explain, Acknowledge, Recommendation, and Negotiate.

FICA assessment tool

A spiritual assessment tool representing Faith, Importance, Community, and Address.