Ch13 present subjunctive
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36 Terms
l'automobilismo
car racing
il giornale
the newspaper
il ciclismo
the cycling
l'orgoglio
pride
la corsa
the race
la pallacanestro
basketball
la divisa
the uniform
la piazza
the square
il pugilato
boxing
la vicenda
the event
il ruolo
the task
la vittoria
the victory
la squadra
the team
animato
animated
azzurro
blue
corto
short
abbondare
to abound
portare
to bear
consistere
to consist
radunare
to get together
emozionare
to move
rappresentare
to represent
indossare
to wear
scegliere
to choose
avere luogo
to take place
il cortile
the courtyard
When is the present subjunctive (congiuntivo) used?
In dependent clauses after che, expressing doubt, emotion, wish, opinion, or necessity: Penso che sia vero (I think it's true).
Present subjunctive - regular -are endings
-i, -i, -i, -iamo, -iate, -ino (parlare: parli, parli, parli, parliamo, parliate, parlino).
Present subjunctive - regular -ere / -ire endings
-a, -a, -a, -iamo, -iate, -ano (prendere: prenda…; -isc- verbs keep isc: finisca…).
essere - present subjunctive
(che io) sia, sia, sia, siamo, siate, siano
avere - present subjunctive
(che io) abbia, abbia, abbia, abbiamo, abbiate, abbiano
Some irregular present subjunctives
andare->vada, fare->faccia, dare->dia, stare->stia, potere->possa, volere->voglia, dovere->debba, venire->venga, dire->dica.
Which verbs/expressions trigger the subjunctive?
Verbs of wish/emotion/doubt/opinion (volere, sperare, temere, credere, pensare) and impersonal expressions (è necessario che, è possibile che, bisogna che).
Which conjunctions require the subjunctive?
benché / sebbene (although), affinché / perché (so that), prima che (before), a meno che (unless), purché (provided that).
Why 'penso che sia' (subj.) but 'so che è' (ind.)?
Certainty (sapere, essere sicuro) takes the indicative; doubt or opinion (pensare, credere) takes the subjunctive.
What if the subject is the same in both clauses?
Use di + infinitive instead of the subjunctive: Penso di andare (I think I'll go), not 'penso che io vada.'