Cadaver Lab Exam 1

external occipital protuberance, nuchal lines and ligaments

clavicle and acromion process

upper trapezius

origin:

insertion:

elevate scapula

spinal accessory nerve

upper trapezius

action:

insertion:

T1-T4 spinous processes

spine of the scapula

middle trapezius

origin:

insertion:

retract scapula

spinal accessory nerve

middle trapezius

action:

innervation:

T5-T12 spinous processes

spine of scapula

lower trapezius

origin:

insertion:

depresses scapula

spinal accessory nerve

lower trapezius

action:

innervation:

T6-T12, thoracolumbar fossa, iliac crest, ribs 10-12

intertubercular sulcus

Lat dorsi

origin:

insertion:

elevation, adduction, internal rotation

thoracodorsal nerve

Lat dorsi

action: (3)

innervation:

Extend head/thoracic/cervical, contralateral rotation

posterior rami of spinal nerves

semispinalis cervicis

action:

innervation:

Cervical and thoracic transverse processes

C2-C5

semispinalis cervicis

origin:

insertion:

T3-T6

Transverse processes of C1-C3

splenius cervicis

origin:

insertion:

(unilateral)- lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation…(bilateral)- extend head and neck

posterior rami of spinal nerves

splenius cervicis

action:

innervation:

iliac crest, sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, etc.

transverse process of C vertebrae

iliocostalis cervicis

origin:

insertion:

(Bilateral) extend vertebral column/head from flexed position (Controls flexion via eccentric contraction)

(Unilateral) lateral flexion

posterior rami of spinal nerves

iliocostalis cervicis

action:

innervation:

cervical and thoracic transverse processes

C6-T4

semispinalis thoracis

origin:

insertion:

extend head/thoracic/cervical & contralateral rotation

posterior rami of spinal nerves

semispinalis thoracis

action:

innervation:

iliac crest, sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, etc.

angles of upper ribs

iliocostalis thoracis

origin:

insertion:

(Bilateral) extend vertebral column/head from flexed position (Controls flexion via eccentric contraction)

(Unilateral) lateral flexion

posterior rami of spinal nerves

iliocostalis thoracis

action:

innervation:

iliac crest, sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, etc.

angles of lower ribs

iliocostalis lumborum

origin:

insertion:

(Bilateral) extend vertebral column/head from flexed position (Controls flexion via eccentric contraction)

(Unilateral) lateral flexion

posterior rami of spinal nerves

iliocostalis lumborum

action:

innervation:

iliac crest, sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, etc.

mastoid process

longissimus capitis

origin:

insertion:

(Bilateral) extend vertebral column/head from flexed position (Controls flexion via eccentric contraction)

(Unilateral) lateral flexion

posterior rami of spinal nerves

longissimus capitis

action:

innervation:

iliac crest, sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, etc.

transverse process of cervical vertebrae

longissimus cervicis

origin:

insertion:

(Bilateral) extend vertebral column/head from flexed position (Controls flexion via eccentric contraction)

(Unilateral) lateral flexion

posterior rami of spinal nerves

longissimus cervicis

action:

innervation:

iliac crest, sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, etc.

transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

longissimus thoracis

origin:

insertion:

(Bilateral) extend vertebral column/head from flexed position (Controls flexion via eccentric contraction)

(Unilateral) lateral flexion

posterior rami of spinal nerves

longissimus thoracis

action:

innervation:

iliac crest, sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, etc.

spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

spinalis cervicis

origin:

insertion:

(Bilateral) extend vertebral column/head from flexed position (Controls flexion via eccentric contraction)

(Unilateral) lateral flexion

posterior rami of spinal nerves

spinalis cervicis

action:

innervation:

T2-T5 spinous processes

medial border of scapula

rhomboid major

origin:

insertion:

retraction and downward rotation of scapula

dorsal scapular nerve

rhomboid major

action:

innervation:

elevation and downward rotation

dorsal scapular nerve

levator scapulae

action:

innervation:

transverse processes of C1-C4

superior angle of scapula

levator scapulae

origin:

insertion:

nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3

ribs 2-4

serratus posterior superior

origin:

insertion:

elevate ribs

intercostal nerves

serratus posterior superior

action:

innervation:

Downward rotation and retraction

dorsal scapular nerve

rhomboid minor

action:

innervation:

nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T1

medial end of scapula

rhomboid minor

origin:

insertion:

spinous processes of T11-L2

ribs 8-12

serratus posterior inferior

origin:

insertion:

depress ribs

anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

serratus posterior inferior

action:

innervation:

(unilateral) lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation….(bilateral) extend head and neck

posterior rami of spinal nerves

splenius capitis

action:

innervation:

ligamentum nuchae, C7-T3

mastoid process and nuchal line

splenius capitis

origin:

insertion:

Cervical and thoracic transverse processes

between nuchal lines

semispinalis capitis

origin:

insertion:

extend head/thoracic/cervical spine and contralateral rotation

posterior rami of spinal nerves

semispinalis capitis

action:

innervation:

iliac crest, sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, etc.

spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

spinalis thoracis

origin:

insertion:

(Bilateral) extend vertebral column/head from flexed position (Controls flexion via eccentric contraction)

(Unilateral) lateral flexion

posterior rami of spinal nerves

spinalis thoracis

action:

innervation:

transverse processes of vertebrae

fibers on cervical and thoracic spinous processes

rotatores

origin:

insertion:

stabilize spine, assist with extension & rotation

posterior rami of spinal nerves

rotatores

action:

innervation:

sacrum, PSIS, SI ligaments, transverse process of cervical and thoracic spine

fibers on cervical and thoracic spinous processes

multifidus

origin:

insertion:

stabilizes back, extension, contralateral rotation

posterior rami of spinal nerves

multifidus

action:

innervation:

C1 transverse process

between nuchal lines

obliquus capitis superior

origin:

insertion:

extend head

suboccipital nerve

obliquus capitis superior

action:

innervation:

C2 spinous process

C1 transverse process

obliquus capitis inferior

origin:

insertion:

ipsilateral rotation

suboccipital nerve

obliquus capitis inferior

action:

innervation:

mastoid process, superior nuchal line

manubrium (sternal) & clavicle (clavicle head)

sternocleidomastoid

origin:

insertion:

(unilateral) ipsi flexion & contralateral rotation

(Bilateral) extend superior cervical vertebrae, flex inferior cervical vertebrae, extend atlanto-occipital joint

spinal accessory nerve

sternocleidomastoid

action:

innervation:

C1 posterior tubercle

inferior nuchal line

rectus capitis posterior minor

origin:

insertion:

extend head

suboccipital nerve

rectus capitis posterior minor

action:

innervation:

spinous process of C2

inferior nuchal line

rectus capitis posterior major

origin:

insertion:

extension & ipsilateral rotation

suboccipital nerve

rectus capitis posterior major

action:

innervation: