INTERGUMENTARY SYSTEM

The epidermis
The dermis

skin is composed of two main layers

hypodermis

also known as the subcutaneous layer.

epidermis

is composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium.

It is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body.

It is avascular

stratum basale,
stratum spinosum,
stratum granulosum,
and stratum corneum.

Thin skin has four layers of cells.

Thick skin

is found only on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

keratinocytes

The cells in all of the layers except the stratum basale are called BLANK

Keratin

is an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties.

papillary layer and reticular layer

The dermis is made of two layers

papillary layer

The BLANK is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and elastin fibers of this layer form a loose mesh.

Collagen injections and Retin-A creams

BLANK help restore skin turgor by either introducing collagen externally or stimulating blood flow and repair of the dermis, respectively.

hypodermis

The BLANK, also known as the subcutaneous layer, serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia of the bones and muscles

THERMOREGULATION

When the body becomes warm sweat glands, accessory structures to the skin, secrete water, salt, and other substances to cool the body

VITAMIN D SYNTHESIS

The epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes Vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation.

Accessory structures

of the skin include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Hair

is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis.

hair root

The rest of the hair, which is anchored in the follicle, lies below the surface of the skin and is referred to as the BLANK

hair matrix

he hair root ends deep in the dermis at the hair bulb and includes a layer of mitotically active basal cells called the BLANK

0.3 mm per day

Hair typically grows at the rate of BLANK

50

On average, BLANK hairs are lost and replaced per day.

nail body

The BLANK is formed on the nail bed and protects the tips of our fingers and toes as they are the farthest extremities and the parts of the body that experience the maximum mechanical stress.

nail root

The nail body forms at the BLAANK, which has a matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum basale that enables the nail to grow continuously

eponychium

The nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body forms the nail cuticle, also called the BLANK

hyponychium

The area beneath the free edge of the nail, furthest from the cuticle, is called the BLANK

SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS

When the body becomes warm, BLANK produce sweat to cool the body.

merocrine glands

BLANK that is, the secretions are secreted by exocytosis through a duct without affecting the cells of the gland.

Eccrine sweat gland
apocrine sweat gland

two types of sweat glands

eccrine sweat gland

An BLANK gland is a type of gland that produces hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation

SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS

This type of sweat, released by exocytosis, is hypotonic and composed mostly of water, with some salt, antibodies, traces of metabolic waste, and dermcidin, an antimicrobial peptide.

apocrine sweat gland

An BLANK is usually associated with hair follicles in densely hairy areas, such as armpits and genital regions.

sebaceous gland

A BLANK is a type of oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.

hair follicles

Most sebaceous glands are associated with BLANK

(basal cell carcinoma)

BCC

(biopsy)

bx

(dermatology)

derm

(intradermal)

ID

(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

MRSA

(squamous cell carcinoma)

SCC

(systemic lupus erythematosus)

SLE

(staphylococcus)

staph

(streptococcus)

trep

(subcutaneous)

subcut

(transdermal)

TD