5.2 Gonads, Pineal Gland, and Other Organs

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8 Terms

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Testes

Secrete testosterone in response to gonadotropins FSH and LH.

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Testosterone

Causes sexual differentiation of the male during gestation and also promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty.

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Ovaries

Secrete estrogen and progesterone in response to gonadotropins FSH and LH.

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Estrogen

Involved in development of the female reproductive system during gestation and also promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty.

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Pineal Gland

Located deep in the brain where it secretes melatonin to regulate the circadian rhythm.

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Erythropoietin

Produced by the kidneys, it stimulates the bone marrow to increase erythrocyte production. It is secreted in response to low blood oxygen levels.

<p>Produced by the kidneys, it stimulates the bone marrow to increase erythrocyte production. It is secreted in response to low blood oxygen levels.</p>
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Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Hormone secreted by the heart to help regulate the salt and water balance. When the cells of the atria are stretched from excess blood volume, they release ANP. It leads to sodium excretion which increases urine volume, and decreases blood volume. It is antagonistic to ADH because it lowers blood pressure and volume, and has no effect on blood osmolarity.

<p>Hormone secreted by the heart to help regulate the salt and water balance. When the cells of the atria are stretched from excess blood volume, they release ANP. It leads to sodium excretion which increases urine volume, and decreases blood volume. It is antagonistic to ADH because it lowers blood pressure and volume, and has no effect on blood osmolarity.</p>
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Thymosin

The thymus is located behind the sternum, and it produces this to promote proper T-cell development and differentiation. The thymus atrophies by adulthood, leading to decreased production.