[PART 4] TRAUMA EMERGENCIES

Blast Trauma

It refers to the injuries sustained from a blast wave from high explosives that can cause multisystem trauma

CODE WHITE

code in hiospital means high alert or there are blast that occur in a specific place, where all nearby healthcare workers within radius automatically on all

CHAOS

Any nursning intervention that you did not pan results in _______

Primary

Type of blast injury that is from over-pressurization force (BLAST WAVE) impacting body surface

Primary

Air embolization and Hollow viscus injury is an example of what type of blast injury

Secondary

type of blast injury that is from projectiles (bom fragments, flying debris)

SECONDARY

Fragmentation injury is a kind of what type of blast injury

tertiary

type of blast injury that is from displacement of victim by the BLAST WIND

Tertiary

Fractures and traumatic amputations are examples of what type of blast trauma

Quaternary

type of blast injury where all other injuries from the blast

QUATERNARY

Crush injuries, Burns. Asphyxia, Exacerbation of chrinic illness is what type of blast injury

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: The closer you are to the initial blast wave—> higher risk for primary blast injuries

STOPP, DROP, and ROLL

is the best way to put a f ire out from the person. You can also smother the person with a wet blanket to extinguish the f lames. Removetheblanket after the fire is out.

1. direct blow

2. foreign bodies

3. inadvertent scratching

eye injuries can result to the following:

clean and protect the eyes with bandage

mgt eye injury: if there is bleeding in the eyes what will you do as a nurse

Enucleation of the eye

is the removal of the entire globe and its intraocular content to save the eyeball and the eyesight

rods and cones

where the picture pass in the eyes or the photoreceptors in the retina

canal of the Schlemm

in Glaucoma, what canal is being obstructed that will increase the intraocular pressure

Glaucoma

example is the compression of the bone fragment of the canal of the Schlemm. If there is obstruction in the canal it will result in an increased Intraocular Pressure. Increased IOP is called

Acute Glaucoma

eye injury that is considered a Class I emergency, although it is not a limb, it can lead to long term complication

Near drowning

It refers to surviving, temporarily, at least the physiologic effects of DECREASED OXYGEN in BLOOD (Hypoxemia) andACIDOSISthatresult from submersion in fluid.

decreases O2 in blood (hypoxemia) and acidosis

what happen anatomically when the patient is drowning

drowning

difference between drowning and near drowning, which talks about the victim is considered dead already because of cardiac arrest,

near drowning

difference between drowning and near drowning, which talks about that the pt is still alive

freshwater aspiration

this is the changes in the character of the lung surfactant result in exudation of protein rich plasma in the alveoli. Thus, increased permeability happens leading to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia

lung surfactant and alveoli

what is the primary part of the lungs that is being affected by the freshwater that leads to hypoxemia

saltwater aspiration

this happen because the hypertonicity of sea water exerts an osmotic force, which pulls f luid from pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli. The resulting intrapulmonary shunt causes hypoxemia

hypoxemia, pulmonary edema (shifting of fluid), impaired gas exchange (damaged alveoli)

both type of aspiration such as freshwater and salt water leads to what complications and problems

Pneumonia

Particulate matter such as sand or mud, chemical irritants, gastriccontents, that can be aspirated along water may result in

Dry near drowning

classification of near drowning which is The victim doesn't aspirate fluid but suffers respiratory obstruction or asphyxia

When you are drowning and you know that if you breathe underwater, the water will enter your lungs. As a result,you will hold your breath → vasovagal stimulation → larynx will constrict (laryngospasm)→asphyxia. That is why it is called “dry” because you did not aspirate as much fluid, but you still drowned.

wet near drowning

classification of near drowning in which the victim aspirates fluid and sufferd asphyxia or secondary changes due to fluid aspiration

secondary near drowning

classification of near drowning wherein the victim suffers recurrence of respiratory distress within minutes or 1-2 days after a near-drowning accident.

.Ifthepatientisrescuedimmediately,the lungswillbeokay.But ifthepatient isrescued beyond 8 hours, you will already see pulmonary edema in the lungs, especially if in a saltwater aspiration.

hypercarbia, hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis

Upon ABG of a near drowned patient what is the possible result of the ABG

hypothermia

in near drowned patient cardiac arrythmias in ECG is usually secondary to what problem