Personality Psych Test

personality

patterns of feelings, motives, and behaviors that set us apart

psychodynamic theories

view human behavior as an interaction between the conscious and unconscious mind

psychoanalysis

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives

unconscious

a reservoir of mostly acceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories

free association

a patient says first thing that comes to mind

id

reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives, “devil”

superego

the part of personality that, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations, “angel”

ego

the largely conscious, executive part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id superego and reality

defense mechanism

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

displacement

shifting aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person (yell at little brother for no reason)

sublimation

transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued morals (join cross country team instead where everyone is welcome)

denial

refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities (error on the coach and it will be fixed)

regression

retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage, (go to grandmas and play card and eat cookies)

reaction formation

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites, (the stupid soccer team)

projection

disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others (mad his parent are at his coach)

rationalization

offering self- justifying explanations in place of the real more threatening unconscious reasons for ones actions, (if he tried he could’ve made it)

oral stage

0-18 months, pleasure centers on the mouth, sucking, biting, chewing

anal stage

18-36 months, pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination, coping with demands for control

phallic stage

3-6 years old, pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings

latency stage

6 to puberty, phase of dormant sexual feelings

genital stage

puberty on, maturation of sexual interests

Alfred Adler

childhood social tensions are more powerful than sexual tensions

karen horney

childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security

Carl Jung

agreed with freud that the unconscious exerts a powerful influence but believed that the unconscious contains more than our repressed thoughts and feelings

collective unconscious

a common reservoir of images or archetypes, derived from our species’ universal experiences

projective tests

provide psychological xray

thematic apperception test (TAT)

a test in which people view ambiguous pictures and make up stories about them

humanistic theories

focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

Abraham Maslow and the hierarchy of needs

1- physiological needs 2- safety needs 3- psychological needs

self-actualization

the process of fulfilling our potential

self-transcendence

the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self

Carl Rogers

person-centered perspective: a growth promoting social climate provides unconditional postive regard

self concept

all our thoughts and feelings when asked the question who am I?

social cognitive perspective

your behavior is a result of your traits interacting with your environment

behaviorist approach

behavior is determined by the environment

trait

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways

factor analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of test items that tap basic components of a trait

spotlight effect

overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

self esteem

one’s feeling of self worth

self efficacy

one’s sense of competence

self serving bias

readiness to see yourself favorably

narcissism

excessive self-love