🌌🌍 space + earth systems
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52 Terms
Great circle
A circle whose centre is the same as Earth's centre.
Meridian
An imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole.
Meridians
Used to measure longitude and divide Earth into time zones.
Time zones
Earth is divided into 24 time zones.
Longitude
Distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.
Prime Meridian
The 0° line of longitude.
Longitude range
0°–180° E or 0°–180° W.
Longitude lines
Run from the North Pole to the South Pole.
Latitude
Distance north or south of the Equator.
Equator
The 0° line of latitude.
Latitude range
0°–90° N or 0°–90° S.
Latitude lines
Run east–west around Earth.
Right Ascension (RA)
The space equivalent of longitude.
Right Ascension unit
Hours (h).
Declination (Dec)
The space equivalent of latitude.
Declination
Distance north or south of the Celestial Equator.
Declination unit
Degrees (°).
Celestial Equator
The 0° reference line for declination.
Earth's axial tilt
23.5°.
Solstice
When one hemisphere is tilted most towards or away from the Sun.
Summer solstice
Longest day and most daylight.
Winter solstice
Shortest day and least daylight.
Equinox
When both hemispheres receive nearly equal sunlight.
Equinox
Day and night are almost equal in length.
Solar day
Time for the Sun to return to the same position in the sky.
Solar day duration
24 hours.
Sidereal day
Time for Earth to rotate once relative to distant stars.
Sidereal day duration
23 h 56 min.
Earth rotation
1 day.
Moon cycle
About 29.53 days.
Earth orbit
About 365.24 days.
Moon phases
Changes in the Moon's appearance as it orbits Earth.
Moon's light
The Moon reflects sunlight; it does not produce its own light.
Moon phase order
New Moon → Waxing Crescent → First Quarter → Waxing Gibbous → Full Moon → Waning Gibbous → Third Quarter → Waning Crescent.
Tides
Rise and fall of sea levels caused mainly by the Moon's gravity.
Tidal bulge
A bulge of ocean water caused by the Moon's gravity.
High tides
Earth has two high tides each day.
Solar eclipse
The Moon moves between the Sun and Earth
Solar eclipse
The Moon's shadow falls on Earth.
Lunar eclipse
The Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon.
Lunar eclipse
Earth's shadow falls on the Moon.