Science Unit - Pedigrees and punnett squares review

Budding

Organisms grow out of the outer surface of the parent organism, and when mature, splits from the parent organism.

Examples of Budding? (2)

Jellyfish and Hydra

Binary Fission

Parent organism split in exactly half, creating two identical “offspring” (clones)

Examples of Binary Fission?

Bacteria and Amoeba

Vegetative Reproduction

The process of reproducing offspring by growing roots, stems and runners out of the parent plant.

Examples of Vegetative Reproduction?

Strawberries and Potatoes

Regeneration

Organism can split pieces of itself off to produce genetically identical offspring

Examples of Regeneration?

Earthworms and Planaria

What should a punnett square have?

Four boxes, a title, the alleles of one parent should be listed on the top, the other along the side.

How to fill out a punnett square?

Complete each box inside of the Punnett square by bringing one allele down from the top
and one allele over from the left, until there is a pair of letters in each box of the Punnett square. (This combination is representing a sperm cell fertilizing  the egg cell.)

Explain the cause-and-effect relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Genotypes (a pair of alleles) is what creates an organism's phenotype, their physical appearance.

What is a pedigree?

A diagram that showcase the family tree and blood relations of an organism’s ancestors

What are pedigree generations labeled in?

Roman Numerals (I, II, III, IV)

What does a square mean on a pedigree?

A male

What does a circle mean on a pedigree?

A female

What does a shaded circle mean on a pedigree?

An affected female

What does a shaded square mean on a pedigree?

An affected male