sociology lesson 7

Culture

sharing food, I music, language

Politics

governments working together

Society

people learning about each other

Economy

countries buying and selling from each other

Globalization (Kimura, 2014)

The world integration along economic, political, and cultural lines

Globalization

when the whole world becomes more connected.

Impact on Politics

Globalization pushes for global cooperation on issues like climate change and human rights. Regionalization, however, deals with security and unity within smaller areas, like ASEAN’s goal of maintaining peace in Southeast Asia.

Impact on Economy

Globalization opens worldwide markets, allowing countries to export and import goods freely. But regionalization strengthens trade within regions, like how ASEAN nations lower tariffs with each other to encourage business growth.

Comparison

While globalization promotes worldwide connections, regionalization focuses on strengthening ties with nearby countries. Both are important: globalization gives us global opportunities, while regionalization gives us regional stability and identity.

Regionalization (Fawcett, 2005)

A process where state and non-state actors coordinates strategies within the given region

Regionalization (Fawcett, 2005)

Regionalization is when nearby countries works together to solve problems or support each other.

Regionalization (Fawcett, 2005)

Happens in a specific region (Southeast Asia, Africa, or Europe).

Regionalization (Fawcett, 2005)

Focused on cooperation between neighboring countries.

Regionalization (Fawcett, 2005)

Can be satate-led.

Regionalization (Fawcett, 2005)

Builds unity within the region.

LIBERALISM, REALISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM

THREE MAINSTREAM PERSPECTIVE l

Constructivism

is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the importance of shared ideas, norms, knowledge, and culture in shaping how countries interact. Unlike other realists and liberals that focus on power or economics, constructivists believe that common beliefs and identities influence decisions and cooperation between nations.

Impact on Culture

Globalization spreads ideas, languages, and cultural practices across the world. K-pop, Hollywood movies, and even fast-food chains are examples of cultural globalization. Meanwhile, regionalization preserves local culture by promoting unity among countries with shared history or traditions.

Social Impact

Globalization Connects people worldwide through social media and technology, spreads ideas and lifestyles fast, raises awareness of global issues, but can weaken local traditions.Regionalization Strengthens solidarity within regions, promotes shared regional identity, enc

Constructivism and Global IR

Western models like Europe don’t explain all; Asian regionalism is shaped by its own culture, norms, and history.

Constructivism

shared norms, culture, and identity matter in cooperation.

APEC

overlaps with ASEAN, includes U.S.; pushes economic liberalization but ASEAN balances its influence.

ASEAN Way

consensus, consultation, respect for sovereignty no forced security/human rights interventions

Constructivism

shared norms, culture, and identity matter in cooperation.

Realism

focus on power & state interests.

Liberalism

cooperation for mutual gain.

ASEAN (

promotes peace, growth, cultural preservation, crisis help; deepened unity = “ASEANization.”