Racialization & the Politics of Judicial Typecasting (2)

What is the Enlightenment era?

European movement of the 17th & 18th century that transitioned from religion/god-centered beliefs → reason, science and progress

According to the FAQ of the Waterloo police race and identity based data collection action plan, why do they collect race and identity based data?

In 2018, Ontario legislated the Data Standards for the Identification and Monitoring of Systemic Racism, imploring government institutions to collect race and identity based data to eradicate systemic racism

According to the FAQ of the Waterloo police race and identity based data collection action plan, what four selected interactions is data collected in?

1. Use of Force Incidents

2. Search of Persons in Custody

3. Intelligence Notes

4. Regulated Interactions

According to the FAQ of the Waterloo police race and identity based data collection action plan, what is perceived race?

The officers own perception of the individuals racial identity

According to the FAQ of the Waterloo police race and identity based data collection action plan, what branches and academic partners are apart of the collection strategy?

1. The Strategic Services and Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Branches

2. Human rights experts (Dr. Les Jacobs and Dr. Lorne Foster)

According to the FAQ of the Waterloo police race and identity based data collection action plan, how is it ensured data is entered accurately?

• Officers receive training on filling out forms and their perceived race sections

• Forms are reviewed by Sergeants to ensure everything is being filled out correctly

According to the FAQ of the Waterloo police race and identity based data collection action plan, what is a racial disproportion and enforcement-action benchmarking?

Racial disproportionalities are calculated by comparing the representation of racial groups within a police dataset compared to the population

Enforcement-action benchmarking compares the proportion of racialized individuals in a police dataset compared to White individuals

According to the FAQ of the Waterloo police race and identity based data collection action plan, are the results of analyses public?

Yes

According to the FAQ of the Waterloo police race and identity based data collection action plan, what is a community advisory panel?

A mechanism involving residents of waterloo for promoting partnership, transparency, and accountability between law enforcement and the communities they serve to lead to more effective and responsive policing

What are the stated aims of Canada’s Cannabis Act?

1. Protect young people

2. Promote public health

3. Reduce illegal trade in cannabis

What was the increase in drug arrests of African Americans 20 years after Reagan’s War on Drugs declaration?

Increased 4.5 times (compared to Whites increase of 1.3 times)

What cities had the highest rates of total minor cannabis possession arrests?

Vancouver and Ottawa

Under what government and year did the Cannabis Act come into force?

Trudeau’s Liberals in 2018

Indigenous people make up ___% of the population, yet ___% of those arrested for cannabis possession in Vancouver (2015)

2.5%, 15.6%

Twice as high as Black arrest rate

Seven times as high as the White arrest rate

What were the disparities between Indigenous, Black and White cannabis users in Calgary?

Indigenous and Black people arrested three times more often than White people

What were the disparities between Indigenous, Black and White cannabis users in Regina?

Indigenous and Black people arrested at seven and five times greater than White people

• Indigenous people represented almost 1/3 of cannabis possession arrests

Which of the five cities studied found a different result in the discrepancies of cannabis arrest?

Halifax → only Black people were over-represented in arrests

What is the National Anti-Drug Strategy?

Removed harm reduction

Emphasized law enforcement over treatment and prevention

Promised to introduce mandatory minimum sentencing for cannabis and other drug-related offenses

What government passed the National Anti-Drug Strategy in what year?

Harper Conservatives in 2007

What number of Canadians have criminal records stemming from cannabis offenses?

1.5 million