9/2-5 Electrostatics

Quantum Mechanical definition of matter:

Matter is made up of fundamental particles (quarks for proton/neutron and leptons for electron) and Particles are defined by energy (“mass”), spin (CW, CCW), and charge ( + or - )

Electrons and Protons each carry

1 elementary charge, e

Charges are measured by the unit of

Coulomb, C

Charge is a Quantized value,

must be a multiple of a fundamental amount

Electrons carry

-1.60×10^-19 C

Protons carry

+1.60×10^-19 C

Quantum -

smallest amount of something

1 atom is a quantum for

chemical elements

Planck’s constant is the smallest

quantum

There are 2 ideal materials:

Conductors and Insulators

Conductors -

usually metallic. Atoms lose electrons into a pool to be shared. These electrons can “move” freely

Insulators -

usually organic. Atoms keep their electrons. Electrons are tightly correlated to each nucleus

Electrons carry

-1e

Protons carry

+1e

O ___ charges attract

pposite

L ___ charges repel

ike

Only E ___ move; not Protons or Neutrons unless the whole molecule moves

lectrons

F = electric force =

kq1q2/r²

Rule 5 - E ___ F ___ is what makes things repel or attract

lectrostatic orce

Rule 6 - Law of C ___ of C ___ - Electrons cannot be destroyed; only moved

onservation harge

The electromagnetic force is a fundamental force of

nature

Like the force of gravity, it has an

infinite interaction distance

Induction -

influencing from a distance without contact

Induction happens due to the

electromagnetic force

The charge on most matter is

neutral

Charged -

when there is an imbalance of electrons (too many or too few)

Grounding -

To balance a system by removing excess charge

Polarized -

Charges realign within an object to create charged surfaces (Dipoles)

Electric Dipole -

an object with equal, but opposite partial charges separated by a distance

Insulators do not have free

electrons

Insulators usually have high

electronegativity

Insulators can also be

polarized at the atomic level

Sign on answer is important or write

“Attraction” / “Repulsion”

Epsilon Naught is the

fundamental constant of the universe

the Epsilon Naught is based

on the speed of light in vacuum

Epsilon Naught is the vacuum permittivity constant, which is a

measure of the ability of an electric field to propagate through the fabric of space/time at the speed of light

Metals or alloys allow electrons to

move easily from local high density to local low density

The higher the curvature,

the higher the charge density (Net electric force is greater on the inside)

Pointy metal sticks are used as lightning rods because

the point has very high curvature and high charge density

Angled forces is always

weaker

F=k(q²/r²), what is F?

the electric force between the two charges

F=k(q²/r²), what is k?

Coulomb’s constant

F=k(q²/r²), what is q?

the charges on the two objects

F=k(q²/r²), what is r?

the distance between the centers of the two charges