1.7-Nucleic Acids

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6 Terms

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Nucleic Acids

Repeating nucleotides (monomer) forms DNA (polymer)

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Parts of a nucleotide

  • 5 carbon deoxyribose sugar

  • Phosphate group ( - charge)

  • Nitrogenous base

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The carbon sugar

5 carbon atoms which are shaped like a pentagon

  • 1’ holds the nitrogen base

  • 2” deoxyribose (H) or ribose sugar (OH)

  • 3’ holds the hydroxide that bonds with the phosphate group of another nucleotide

  • 5’ holds the phosphate group

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Directionality of DNA

DNA runs antiparallel (opposite ends), with nucleotides added to the 3’ end of the growing strand.

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DNA bonds

Hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases (A-T is double bonded while G-C is triple bonded — makes it stronger) and phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotides.

  • Pyrimidines (T, C, with single rings) always bond with purines (A, G, with double rings) in nucleic acids. 

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RNA

differences to DNA:

  • ribose sugars

  • uracil

  • single stranded

similarities to DNA:

  • linear 5’ - 3’ strand

  • sugar-phosphate backbone

  • nucleotide monomers

  • nitrogen base = perpendicular to backbone