AP Human - Chapter 4 Vocab

Migration

The permanent or semipermanent relocation of people from one place to another

Voluntary migration

A movement made by choice

Push factors

Negative circumstances, events, or conditions present at a location that compel a person to leave

Pull factors

Positive conditions & circumstances at a location that attract a person

Immigrant

Someone who migrates into a country

Emigrant

Someone who migrates out of a country

Emigrate

When people migrate away from somewhere

Xenophobia

Discrimination & hatred against people from different countries or cultures

Migration transition model

A model & theory showing and arguing that countries in stages 2 & 3 of the DTM experience overcrowding leading to migration to stage 4 or 5 countries

Intervening obstacles

Barriers that make reaching desired destinations more difficult

Intervening opportunity

An opportunity that disrupts an original migration plan

Distance decay

The phenomenon in which the further apart two places are, the less likely it is that people will migrate between them

Gravity model of migration

A model that assumes the size & distance between 2 cities or countries will influence the amount of interactions between them

Step Migration

A process in which migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller moves

Rural-to-urban migration

Migration from rural agricultural areas to urban city areas

Remittances

Money that a migrant earns in a destination country & sends back to their country of origin

Counter migration

Movement in the opposite direction to migration flow

Return migration

Movement of immigrants moving back to their former home

Forced migration

Migration that is involuntary, in which migrants have no other choice

Internally displaced persons (IDPs)

Forced migrants that move to another part of their own country

Refugee

Forced migrants that cross international borders

Asylum

Protection granted by one country to an immigrant from another country who has a legitimate fear of harm or death if they return

Voluntary migration

Migration in which people choose to relocate

Brain Drain

The emigration of highly skilled, educated, & trained professionals from developing countries to more developed countries

Internal Migration

Movement occurring within a country

Transnational Migration

Movement from one country to another

Chain Migration

Migration driven by others who have migrated

Guest Workers

Transnational migrants who relocate to a new country to provide labor that isn't available locally

Transhumance

The process of herders moving with their animals to different pastures during different seasons

Guest-worker policies

Policies that regulate the number of workers who enter a country temporarily to work in specific industries for a defined amount of time

Family reunification

Policies that allow migrants to sponsor family members who migrate to their country

Ethnic enclaves

Neighborhoods filled primarily with people of the same ethnic group