Global governance — Liberal vs Realist

What is the liberal view of the international community?

Liberals believe an international community exists, based on shared desires for human rights, peace, development and economic stability.

Why do liberals support global governance institutions?

They are necessary to address global challenges, particularly when states are unable or unwilling to provide safety and prosperity for their citizens.

What is the liberal view of the United Nations?

The UN has faults but is essential for addressing widespread global political challenges.

Why do liberals fear a fractured international system dominated by the USA?

They fear excessive dominance by one state could undermine balanced global governance.

What is the liberal view of international organisations?

They are meaningful tools for cooperation and can promote development, trade, economic stability, human rights and conflict resolution.

What is the realist view of international organisations?

They are often instruments of powerful states and are used to advance those states' interests.

Why do realists see international cooperation as fragile?

States cooperate only when doing so serves their own interests.

Why do liberals believe international organisations have grown?

States desire a rule-based international system with fewer barriers between them.

Why have states joined IGOs according to liberalism?

They recognise the benefits of cooperation at both international and regional levels.

Why did NGOs grow extensively from the 1980s?

The growth of democracy increased people's political agency and encouraged belief in universal values.

How did reduced trade barriers affect multinational companies?

They encouraged successful companies to expand globally.

Why are rules and norms important to liberals?

They provide stability and encourage cooperation.

Why does the impact of international organisations vary?

It depends on their purpose, size and how they interact with state and non-state actors.

What has the WHO achieved according to the notes?

It eradicated smallpox and greatly reduced diseases such as polio through vaccination programmes.

How did the WHO contribute during COVID-19?

It worked with NGOs and other non-state actors to coordinate a global response.

How has the EU demonstrated the impact of international organisations?

It has mandated consumer product safety laws across EU member states.

How has the UN promoted gender equality?

It has promoted gender equality and encouraged legal changes supporting access to education.

What limitation is demonstrated by global gender equality?

Although international organisations can influence laws, this does not necessarily mean states will fully enforce them.