RD Exam 2022: Jean Inman Study Guide Domain 1, Part 2

What are enzymes

Proteins that control a reaction

which 4 b vitamins are needed for energy production?

B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), pantothenic acid, and niacin

At which age range is BMR the highest?

a) 0-5 yo

b) 0-2 yo

c) 6 months to 1 year

d) 3-4yo

b) 0-2 yo

what does PBI stand for?

a) protective barrier of insulin

b) public browser interface

c) protein bound iodine

d) performance based instruction

c) protein bound iodine

What does PBI measure?

Activity of the thyroid gland

When PBI is elevated, _________ is elevated.

a) BMR

b) BP

c) temp

d) the holy spirit

a) BMR

What are the 9 amino acids?

(*Hint: TV TILL PMH*)

histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine

Which oil is the most POLYUNSATURATED?

a) canola

b) motor

c) olive

d) safflower

d) safflower

Which oil is the most UNSATURATED

a) canola

b) motor

c) olive

d) safflower

a) canola

when there is a lack of linoleic acid, which option is the BEST outcome:

a) poor growth rate

b) overactive growth rate

a) poor growth rate

The location of the first double bond, counted from the ____________ end of the fatty acid, is designated by the omega sign.

methyl or ester

methyl

which 3 common places will you find trans fats?

a) margarines, shortenings, and frying fats.

b) fruits, veggies, and fiber

c) olive oils and butter

a) margarines, shortenings, and frying fats.

Put the following saturated oils in order of predominance:

coconut

cocoa butter

palm kernel,

canola,

butter,

palm oil.

(Hint: ccc pp b)

coconut

palm kernel

cocoa butter

butter

palm oil

canola

Put the following monounsaturated oils in order of predominance:

olive

peanut

coconut

sunflower

canola

(Hint: ccops)

olive

canola

peanut

sunflower

coconut

Which oil is a good source of MCT's?

coconut or olive oil

coconut oil

Put the following polyunsaturated oils in order of predominance:

palm kernel

cottonseed

soybean

corn

safflower

(hint: pccss)

safflower

corn

soybean

cottonseed

palm kernel

what is one of the purposes that fat has more carbon atoms?

oxidation

Alcohol:

- Requires no ____________________.

- readily absorbed by ____________ diffusion through the ______________ or small intestine.

- transported unaltered in the _____________________.

- digestion

- simple, stomach

- bloodstream

What is the toxicity level of Vitamin A?

10,000 IU

What are the sources of Vitamin A?

Yellow/orange fruits

Green leafy veggies

Fish

Liver

Fortified Skim Milk

What are the deficiencies of Vitamin A

- Nyctalopia

- Xerophthalmia

- Bitot's Spots

- Hyperkeratosis

What is the "chemical name" for Vitamin E

Tocopherol

T/F: Vitamin E is one of the LEAST toxic vitamins

TRUE

What are some common sources of Vitamin E?

Veggie oils

whole grains

green veggies

almonds

What are some common sources of Vitamin K?

GREEN THINGS!

spinach, kale, green leafy, broccoli

What is the common name for vitamin B1?

thiamin

As pH & temp increases, B1 concentration (increases/decreases)

decreases

What are good sources of B1/Thiamin

grains

wheat germ

pork

liver

Deficiencies of B1 include

-beriberi

-muscle weakness

-foot drop

-memory loss

-tachycardia

-decreased erythrocyte transketolase

-increased plasma pyruvate

What is the common name for B2

Riboflavin

what are 4 common sources of B2

liver, kidney, meat, milk

what are 3 common signs of deficiencies of B2

Cheilosis

angular stomatitis

magenta tongue

What are some common deficiencies of Niacin

Pellagra,

Dermatitis,

Diarrhea,

bright red tongue

What are 7 sources of Folate

fortified dry cereal

liver

kidney

green leafy veggies

citrus fruits

lentils

beans

RE: the functions of B6,

increased intake of _____________ = increased intake of B6

(*Hint: it's a macro*)

PRO

What is the common name for B6

pyridoxine

What is the function of Pantothenic acid

coenzyme A - energy synthesis of fatty acids

What is another name for Vitamin C

ascorbic acid

Vitamin C aids in __________ absorption

Iron

which hormone is Calcium regulated by

PTH

Vitamin ______, (acid/base), and lactose aid in absorption of Calcium

D, acid

Calcitonin lowers serum calcium by (inhibiting/promoting) bone resorption.

inhibiting

What are 4 functions of calcium?

(hint- none of the answers pertain to bones)

- Blood clotting

- cardiac function

- nerve transmission

- smooth muscle contractility

what are 6 common sources of Phosphorus?

meat

milk

poultry

eggs

fish

cheese

absorption of non-heme iron is aided by

vitamin C

gastric juice

which 2 sources can non-heme iron be found?

cereals

veggies

RE: Magnesium,

which VITAMIN, MINERAL, and MACRO increase the need for Mg?

Vit D

Ca2+

high PRO

Which mineral enhances insulin action?

a) Zn

b) Cu

c) Pb

d) Ts

a) Zn

What are 6 deficiencies of Zn?

(hint: Think 'geriatrics')

- decreased immune function

- alopecia

- poor wound healing

- hypogeusia

- growth retardation

- sexual immaturity (in adolescents)

Sulfur is found in which 2 amino acids?

Cystine

methionine

what are 4 good sources of sulfur?

- eggs

- meat

- fish

- poultry

Insensible water loss (skin, breathing) is how much per day?

a) 1-2L

b) 0-0.8L

c) 0.8-1.2L

d) we lose water from our skin and breathing?!

c) 0.8-1.2L

what is the equation to find mEq's of an electrolyte?

mEq= (mg / atomic wt) x valence e-'s

ie: 1g Na+ = ? mEq

(1000mg Na+/23) x 1 = 43.5 mEq

RE: mEq, what is the normal range for Na+ per L

a)136-145 mEq/L

b)4.5-5.5 mEq/L

c)3.5-5 mEq/L

136-145 mEq/L (a)

RE: mEq, what is the normal range for K+ per L

a)136-145 mEq/L

b)4.5-5.5 mEq/L

c)3.5-5 mEq/L

(c)

RE: mEq, what is the normal range for Ca++ per L

a)136-145 mEq/L

b)4.5-5.5 mEq/L

c)3.5-5 mEq/L

4.5-5.5 mEq/L (b)

What is anasarca?

severe generalized edema

what is anasarca caused by?

(hint: what is going on in the body?)

effusion of fluid into the extracellular space

pt 1: which 3 types of failure is anasarca associated with?

pt 2: what nutritional status is anasarca also associated with?

pt 1- heart, liver, kidney/renal

pt 2- PCM (PRO/kcal malnutrition)

what are signs of dehydration?

Inman wants 14 signs. I tried coming up with an acronym or SOMETHING, but the creative juices weren't there. lol

nausea

dizziness

sunken eyes

fever

hyperventilation

excessive sweating

concentrated urine

poor skin turgor

increase in solutes (BUN)

tachycardia

headache

fatigue

decreased appetite

rapid weight loss

Background: Kidney's control bicarb (base), lungs control carbonic acid (acid).

T/F: a change in one side of the buffer brings about a compensatory change in the other side to maintain pH balance.

True!

an increase in carbonic acid, body reabsorbs bicarb.

a decrease in carbonic acid, body excretes bicarb.

Background: Kidney's control bicarb (base), lungs control carbonic acid (acid).

What is the normal pH of the body?

7.4

Background: Kidney's control bicarb (base), lungs control carbonic acid (acid).

What is a normal range of HCO3?

24-28

Background: Kidney's control bicarb (base), lungs control carbonic acid (acid).

What is a normal range of pCO2?

25-45

Evaluating acid-base abnormalities- Patient 1:

pH: 7.32

HCO3: 25

pCO2: 56

is this pt (acidotic/alkalotic), (respiratory/metabolic)

respiratory acidosis

Evaluating acid-base abnormalities- Patient 2:

pH: 7.5

HCO3: 24

pCO2: 27

is this pt (acidotic/alkalotic), (respiratory/metabolic)

resp. alkalosis

Evaluating acid-base abnormalities- Patient 3:

pH: 7.48

HCO3: 30

pCO2: 40

is this pt (acidotic/alkalotic), (respiratory/metabolic)

metabolic alkalosis

Evaluating acid-base abnormalities- Patient 4:

pH: 6.94

HCO3: 15

pCO2: 40

is this pt (acidotic/alkalotic), (respiratory/metabolic)

metabolic acidosis

For a someone with a BMI of 18.5-24.9, how many #'s should they gain during pregnancy?

a) 11-20#

b) 28-40#

c) 25-35#

d) 15-25#

c) 25-35#

For a someone with a BMI of

b) 28-40#

For a someone with a BMI of 25-29.9, how many #'s should they gain during pregnancy?

a) 11-20#

b) 28-40#

c) 25-35#

d) 15-25#

d) 15-25#

For a someone with a BMI of > or equal to 30, how many #'s should they gain during pregnancy?

a) 11-20#

b) 28-40#

c) 25-35#

d) 15-25#

a) 11-20#

when gaining weight during pregnancy, a good rule to follow is always strive for the ___________ _____________ of the weight gain ranges.

a) lower limit

b) upper limit

c) whatever carrier wants

(side note: the pregnancy questions have they/them pronouns only because I have found that a transgendered male (Female-->Male) with male parts on the outside and female parts on the inside CAN carry a fetus to term without complications! He identified as male. #its2022!)

a) lower limit

part 1: how much weight should one gain EACH MONTH for the first 3 months?

part 2: how much weight gain should the carrier gain PER WEEK thereafter?

part 1: 1#/month

part 2: 1#/week

a carrier is at risk if there is failure to gain ___#'s/month in the last half of pregnancy,

a) 4, 16, 12

b) 18, 2, 55

c) 5, 17, 13

a) 4, 16, 12

for pregnant adolescents, which 3 minerals should they consume more of?

Fe, Ca2+, Zn

which fat soluble vitamin should excess intake be avoided during pregnancy?

Vitamin A

>5000IU

which 4 types of seafood should be avoided during pregnancy?

Shark

king mackerel

albacore (technically, Inman says to LIMIT this)

raw fish

in GRAMS, what is a normal birth weight?

a) 1-2g

b) 5000-10,000g

c) 2500-4000g

c) 2500-4000g

During infancy, what is the average amount of kcals/kg to be consumed for a 0-6month old?

a) 108 kcals/kg

b) 98 kcals/kg

a) 108 kcals/kg

During infancy, what is the average amount of kcals/kg to be consumed for a 7-12 month old?

a) 108 kcals/kg

b) 98 kcals/kg

b) 98 kcals/kg

T/F: recommendations for the first 6 months of life is to supplement by weaning infant foods into their diet along with breast feeding.

FALSE!!

0-6mon: recommend BFing only, then ~7months, SUPPLEMENT with by weaning foods for at least up to 12 months.

Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative: what is it

Global effort to increase incidence and duration of breastfeeding

hospital must show it implements 10 steps to successful breastfeeding; requires multidisciplinary team

how many feedings per day of human milk or formula should be encouraged?

a) 6-8

b) 2-3 with snacks in between

c) 9-12

d) 15-22 depending on baby's appetite.

c) 9-12 feedings per day of human milk or formula.

why should we encourage 9-12 feedings per day of human milk or formula? (Choose the best answer)

a) to be a good mom

b) brain development

c) immunity support

d) promote hydration and intestinal motility

d) promote hydration and intestinal motility

Talking/thinking point: HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA!!

when a baby is 6-8 months, which type of grasp is forming/almost formed, pincer or palmer?

palmar grasp

when a baby is 9-12 months, which type of grasp is forming/almost formed, pincer or palmer?

What is the 2002 RDA of PRO for males aged 14-18yo?

a) 46g

b) 52g

c) 63g

b) 52g

What is the 2002 RDA of PRO for females aged 14-18yo?

a) 46g

b) 52g

c) 63g

a) 46g

T/F:

the weight for length/stature (WHO) chart detects SHORT TERM changes in nutritional status

TRUE!

T/F:

the stature/length for age (WHO) chart reflects LONG TERM nutritional status amd determines the extend of stunting.

TRUE!

The BMI for age percentiles start at which age?

a) 6 years old

b) 4 years old

c) newborn

d) 2 years old

d) 2 years old.

NOTE: percentiles are age and sex specific

True:

obese > or equal to 95th percentile or BMI >30.

It was true. Did you even read the "question"?! :)

What are common symptoms of lead poisoning?

LAVA CI

lethargy

anorexia

vomiting

anemia

constipation

irritability

the RDA for PRO in males over the age of 19 is:

a) 56 g

b) 65 g

c) 47 g

d) 46 g

a) 56 g

the RDA for PRO in females over the age of 19 is:

a) 56 g

b) 65 g

c) 47 g

d) 46 g

d) 46 g

True or false:

In the elderly, PRO needs are 1g/kg

TRUE

RE: Nutrition and athletics, exercise physiology,

at rest and during normal activities, ________ are the primary energy source.

a) CHO

b) PRO

c) Fats

c) Fats

What are 6 common supplements that have a potential interaction with blood thinner meds, clotting time, or that affect bleeding?

Hint: BcGGGbGSjw

Black cohosh

Garlic

Ginseng

Gingko Biloba

Ginger

St Johns Wart

in the stomach: proteolysis = protease pepsin + _________

a) bicarb

b) HCL

c) intrinsic factor

d) vitamin d

b) HCL