3.3.2 Translation

Collagen

A structural protein that provides strength and support in connective tissues.

Spider silk

A natural fiber produced by spiders, known for its strength and elasticity.

Insulin

A hormone that regulates glucose levels in the blood.

Glucagon

A hormone that raises blood glucose levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses.

Protein channels

Membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of ions and molecules across the cell membrane.

Rhodopsin

A light-sensitive protein involved in phototransduction in the retina.

Actin

A protein that forms filaments and is involved in muscle contraction and movement.

Myosin

A motor protein that interacts with actin to cause muscle contraction.

Rubisco

An enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis.

Amylase

An enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars.

Genetic code

A sequence of bases that provides instructions for making specific polypeptides.

Translation

The process of synthesizing a polypeptide from mRNA at the ribosomes.

Polypeptide

A sequence of amino acids covalently bonded together to form a protein.

tRNA

Transfer RNA that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Anticodon

A three-base sequence on tRNA that is complementary to the codon on mRNA.

mRNA (messenger RNA)

RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Peptide bonds

Covalent bonds that link amino acids together in a polypeptide chain.

Nuclear pores

Protein complexes that facilitate the transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.