AP Psychology Unit 5

AP Psychology Unit 5 Review Flashcards

What accounts for different responses to the same stressful situation?

Coping strategies

What stage of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by long-term stress leading to illness or depression?

Exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome

How do stress hormones weaken the immune system?

Reducing the activity of T cells

What perspective in psychology focuses on people’s ability to grow and lead fulfilling lives?

Positive psychology

What is a key idea of the humanistic perspective?

The belief that every person can reach their full potential

What approach is used by psychologists who study how brain chemicals influence behavior and emotions?

Biological approach

What perspective includes a focus on locus of control?

Cognitive perspective on personality

What perspective is supported when people naturally fear certain things like snakes more than others?

Evolutionary perspective

If unusual behavior doesn’t interfere with life or cause distress, is it considered a psychological disorder?

It's not necessarily considered a psychological disorder.

What could label behavior abnormal if it acts very differently from what their culture sees as normal?

Cultural deviance

What are repetitive behaviors, like excessive hand washing, typically called?

Compulsions

What theory is supported if someone’s emotional state changes depending on who they’re around, especially after being physiologically aroused?

Cognitive appraisal theory of emotion

What personality disorder may a person have if they exaggerate their talents and uses others for personal gain?

Narcissistic personality disorder

What might someone be diagnosed with if they avoid going out due to intense fear or anxiety?

An anxiety disorder

What does intense fear of embarrassment around unfamiliar people suggest?

Social anxiety disorder

What do long-lasting sadness and loss of interest in life indicate?

Major depressive disorder

What disorder is someone likely experiencing if they have extreme highs and deep lows?

Bipolar disorder

What does it reflect if someone believes they failed because they’re just not good at something and never will be?

Depressive explanatory style

What perspective reflects explaining an eating disorder as caused by media images of thinness?

Sociocultural perspective

What are disorganized thoughts and imaginary conversations with nonexistent people usually treated with?

Antipsychotic medications

What disorder may a person have if they felt consistently sad, tired, and unmotivated for years?

Persistent depressive disorder

What is the term for intense emotional outbursts and loss of control after bad news in a specific cultural context?

Ataque de nervios

What disorder is someone with manipulative behavior likely to have?

Antisocial personality disorder

According to the cognitive theory, what causes depression?

Negative and distorted ways of thinking

What would a cognitive therapist treating depression focus on?

Changing negative thought patterns

What does constant worry and restlessness without a clear cause point to?

Generalized anxiety disorder

What disorder is indicated by lying, blaming others, and lacking guilt?

Antisocial personality disorder

What kind of correlation is it if depression tends to decrease as temperature increases?

Negative correlation

What is reliving a traumatic event through nightmares and flashbacks typical of?

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

What is believing the news is sending you secret messages an example of?

Delusion

What does alternating between severe depression and periods of overactive behavior likely indicate?

Bipolar disorder

What is developing a strong fear in response to a specific object after a negative event known as?

Specific phobia

What disorder may be suggested by constantly deferring to others and never expressing personal desires?

Dependent personality disorder

What is a medication that increases the effects of GABA likely used to treat?

Generalized anxiety disorder

What disorder may trouble with eye contact, rigid routines, and distress at change in young children indicate?

Autism spectrum disorder

What is forgetting your identity and traveling far from home after trauma consistent with?

Dissociative fugue

What diseases are the neurotransmitter dopamine connected to?

Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia

What is thinking you could have predicted an outcome all along an example of?

Hindsight bias

What disorder has constant, unwanted thoughts that create anxiety as a hallmark?

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

What is hearing voices that aren’t real an example of?

Hallucination

What procedure should researchers use to avoid experimenter bias in drug studies?

Double-blind procedure

What is supported if a disorder shows up differently across cultures?

Sociocultural perspective

What may sudden, intense physical symptoms of fear indicate?

Panic disorder

Under what category does a disorder like PTSD fall?

Trauma- and stressor-related disorders

Fast talking and excessive energy are symptoms of what?

Manic phase of bipolar disorder

What does a pattern of dishonesty, conflict with authority, and no guilt suggest?

Antisocial personality disorder

What should you know about correlations?

Know the direction that scatterplots with positive and negative correlations point.

How do many antidepressants work?

Blocking serotonin reuptake

What is gradually reducing a fear of something called?

Systematic desensitization

What approach does a therapist use who focuses on the mismatch between a person’s self-concept and reality?

Person-centered approach

What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most effective for treating?

Severe clinical depression

What is it common in humanistic therapy, when a therapist repeats or rephrases what a client says known as?

Active listening

What is a treatment that makes a person feel sick when drinking alcohol an example of?

Aversion therapy

What is someone given medication likely experiencing, if treated for schizophrenia?

Psychotic symptoms like delusions or hallucinations

What is the most effective treatment for schizophrenia?

Medication that blocks dopamine receptors

What kind of therapy gradually exposes someone to fear while they are relaxed?

Systematic desensitization

What is moving people with mental disorders out of institutions and into the community called?

Deinstitutionalization

What is pairing shocks with drug-related thoughts an example of?

Aversion therapy

What is a fear of a specific thing, like spiders, best treated with?

Systematic desensitization

What kind of correlation is shown if someone becomes less anxious the longer they are exposed to something they fear?

Negative correlation