ESPM

Anthropogenic Emissions

Human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, land use changes, livestock production, fertilization, waste management, and industrial processes that contribute to environmental pollution.

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

Resulting from increased concentrations of N2O, CH4, and CFCs, leading to the breakdown of ozone molecules in the stratosphere.

Ozone Creation and Destruction

Ozone is formed through reactions initiated by the splitting of O2 and destroyed by catalytic cycles involving nitrogen, chlorine, and bromine elements.

Effects of Depleted Ozone

Depletion leads to higher UVB radiation levels, causing increased skin cancers, cataracts, and harm to marine organisms and plants.

Stratospheric vs Tropospheric

In the stratospheric ozone layer there is a beneficial role of acting as a primary UV Radiation shield. In the tropospheric ozone layer there is a harmful impact of toxic effects on humans and vegetation.

 Unlike stratospheric ozone, which forms naturally in the upper atmosphere and protects us from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays, ground-level (or tropospheric) ozone is created through the interactions of man-made (and natural) emissions with volatile (easily evaporating) organic compounds and nitrogen oxides in the presence of heat and sunlight.

Montreal Protocol

International agreement signed in 1987 to protect stratospheric ozone, facilitating global collaboration.

Nature of Ozone

 Ozone reacts continually with sunlight and a wide variety of natural and human- produced chemicals in the stratosphere. In each reaction, an ozone molecule is lost and other chemical compounds are produced

Amendments to stabilize contaminants

Inorganic contaminants are absorbed and adsorbed onto soil fertility amendments, forming undissolvable solids that contain contaminants.