Chemistry Unit 13: Mixtures and Solutions

Heterogeneous Mixture

Mixture that does not have a uniform composition and substances remain distinct

Homogeneous Mixture

A substance that is consistent throughout

Suspensions

Mixtures containing particles that settle out if left undisturbed and are heterogeneous

Colloids

Heterogenous mixture where the substance particles do not settle out, and are categorized according to the phase of their particles.

Brownian Motion

Jerky, random movements of particles in a colloid

Tyndall Effect

When dispersed colloid particles scatter light.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture that has two or more substances, a solute and solvent.

Soluble

A substance that dissolves in a solvent.

Insoluble

A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent

Miscible

Two liquids that are soluble inn each other in any proportion.

Immiscible

Two liquids that can be mixed but separate shortly after.

What factors affect salvation?

Temperature, pressure, polarity

What are ways to speed up solution formation?

Increase collisions by stirring, shaking, and agitation. Increase the surface area of particles. Increase temperature

Unsaturated Solution

Solutions that contain less dissolved solute for a given temperature and pressure than a saturated solution

Saturated Solutions

Solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solute at a specific temperature and pressure

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature.

Henry's Law

States that at a given temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure. Solubility increases as pressure increases, and the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure.

What do colligative properties depend on?

The number of particles in a solution.