Human Communication Disorders Exam 1

impairment

Biological or physiological condition that involves the loss of physical, social, or cognitive functioning

disability

A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity

handicap

Social disadvantage the individual with an impairment or disability experiences

communication disorders

impair the ability to – Receive, send, and process and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal, and graphic information

can affect- hearing, language speech

developmental or acquired

may or may not be involved with other diseases

speech disorder

atypical production of speech sounds ex trouble with R’s or L’s

interruption in flow of speaking

abnormal production and/or absence of

language disorder

Impairment in comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems

hearing disorder

Impairment in comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems

central auditory processing disorder

deficits in processing information from audible signals

augmentative/alternative communication systems

Used to compensate and facilitate for impaired communication using different methods

ex. AAC, pen and paper

audiologists

Measure hearing ability and identify, assess, manage, and prevent disorders of hearing and balance

• Includes auditory processing disorders •

May dispense hearing aids and other amplification devices

• Independent professionals who practice without a prescription from another healthcare provider

speech language pathologists

Identify, assess, treat, and prevent expressive and receptive communication disorders in all modalities both receptively and expressively

• Provide services for swallowing disorders

• May work with individuals who elect to receive services

• Independent professionals who practice without a prescription from another healthcare provider

speech language pathologists assistant

Can administer tests and therapy under an SLP’s direction but cannot diagnose a disorder or provide intervention independently

speech, language, and hearing scientists

Extend knowledge of human communication processes and disorders

• Usually have doctorate degrees

• Employed by universities, government agencies, industry, and research centers

• May work clinically

asic research in anatomy, physiology, and physics of speech-sound production

• Use technology to learn more about typical and pathological communication

• Development of computer-generated speech

• Investigate the ways children learn language

• Study the differences and similarities of different languages

• Study how languages are changing

Examine language disabilities and the nature of language disorders in children and adults

• Investigate the nature of sound, noise, and hearing

• Develop equipment for hearing assessment

• Develop testing techniques

• Develop and improve assistive listening devices

• Concerned with conservation of hearing and limiting environmental noise

evidence based practice

Clinical decision making – Scientific evidence – Clinical experience – Client needs

• Evidence-based practice (EBP) assumptions – Clinical skills grow from experience and current available data – The expert clinician continually seeks new therapeutic intervention to improve efficacy

efficacy

probability of benefit from an intervention under ideal conditions

effectiveness

probability of benefit from an intervention under average conditions

efficiency

Quick, effective methods bringing about greatest positive change

meta-analysis studies

Research is ranked according to the strength of the data and then examined for trends

history of communication disorders

attitude toward disorder have changed- used to be shunned

special residences in late 1700s

speech correctionists- educators or medical professionals that were interesting in speech problems

the voice- first look at research in area of communication disorders, journal

disability rights movment

Positive movement among those with disabilities to express pride and self-advocacy

– Some communities prefer terms such as “autistic person” rather than person-first language (“person with autism”)

ASHA

largest organization of professionals working with communication disorders