8th Grade Study Guide - Chapter 20

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late 1800s

14 Terms

1

Alexander Graham Bell

Telephone

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2

Fredrick W Taylor

Encouraged managers to view workers as interchangeable parts of production

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3

Social Darwinism

fittest would be successful

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4

Bessemer Process

A method for mass-producing steel by blowing air through molten iron to remove impurities.

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5

Sherman Antitrust Act

A landmark U.S. law enacted in 1890 that aimed to prevent monopolies and promote competition by prohibiting business practices that restrained trade.

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6

Thomas Edison

An American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and the electric light bulb.

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7

Henry Ford

An American industrialist and founder of the Ford Motor Company, known for revolutionizing the automobile industry by introducing assembly line production techniques.

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8

Knights of Labor

A significant labor organization in the United States during the late 19th century that advocated for the rights of workers and sought to improve labor conditions through collective action.

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9

Samuel Gompers

A prominent labor leader and founder of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), Samuel Gompers was instrumental in advocating for the rights of workers, promoting higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.

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10

Horizontal Integration

A business strategy where a company acquires or merges with its competitors to consolidate market share and reduce competition.

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11

Gas

Powered the first airplane flight

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12

Hogmarket Square

was a significant location in early labor movements, serving as a gathering place for workers advocating for their rights and better conditions.

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13

Terence Powderly

An American labor leader who served as the head of the Knights of Labor, advocating for workers' rights and the establishment of an eight-hour workday.

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14

Stockholders

Individuals or entities that own shares in a corporation, entitling them to a portion of the company's profits and voting rights in corporate decisions.

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