The quest for political stability 1625-88

When did Charles succeeed to the throne?

March 1625

How did parliamentary disagreements initially begin?

When the Commons refused to grant Charles the right to collect Tonnage and Poundage for life

Why did Charles want to collect Tonnage and Poundage?

in response to the disastorous Mansfield campaign

What did the MP's suggest instead of granting Charles the right to collect Tonnage and Poundage?

They suggested a grant should be made for a year

Why did Mp's suggest a grant should be made intead of collecting Tonnage and Poundage?

so Charles would be forced to call parliament regularly

Who was Queen Henrietta Maria?

King Charles' Catholic wife

What did Queen Maria establish?

Her own court of Catholic advisers

What was the problem with Queen Maria having a court of Catholic advisers?

Parliament was worried that the Queen would be able to influence the King's decisions due to her religion

How did the King show more of his religious sympathies?

By promoting Arminian clergy in the church and offering a position at court to Arminians such as Richard Montagu

What did the planned war lead to?

Conscription of troops and the forced billeting of troops in people's houses

Whta was the problem with forced billeting of troops in people's houses?

it was at a time when a serious outbreak of the plague had already disrupted the economy

Why did the commons begin disussing impeachment proceedings against Buckingham?

Due to a poorly trained and equipped naval expedition sent to attack the port of Cadiz in Spain led by Buckingham's nominee

What did Charles do in response to the discussion regarding Buckingham's impeachment?

He hastily dissolved parliament

What does Charles' decision to call another parliament in early 1626 indicate?

A serious lack of awareness

What happened when parliament met in early 1626?

They launched an attack on Buckingham for impeachment against him

What did Charles do in response to the attacks against Buckingham?

He was forced to dissolve parliament again without any grant of taxation

How did Charles respond to the dissolvement of parliament in early 1626?

By demanding a forced loan from all taxpayers

What happened to those who refused to pay tax?

They were punished by being imprisoned or conscripted into military service

What did the public think of the forced loans?

For many of the political nations

What happened to Lord Cheif Justice Carew?

He refused to endorse the legality of the loan and was dismissed

When was the Five Knights Case?

November 1627

What was the Five Knights case?

A group of 5 knights refused to pay the forced loans

What was the result of the 5 Knights case?

The knights were imprisoned and sued for release under habeas corpus.

Why was the result of the 'Five Knights case' a major confrontation in 1628?

As Charles summoned another parliament to provide funds for the now desperate need for national defence.

Why was Charles in need for national defence?

The attack on Cadiz had been followed up by further deterioration in relations with France

What did Buckingham's inept diplomacy lead to ?

War and a failed attempt to support a Protestant rebellion in La Rochelle.

Why were attacks on Buckingham by parliament later abandoned?

Parliament were aware that confrontation could lead to another dissolution

What was Parliament's new subtle strategy?

The Commons voted a total of five subsidies in taxation and prepared the Petition of Right which they offered to the king

What did the Petition of Right demand? (3)

-King to reverse the decision made in the Five Knights case.

-citizens would not be asked to pay forced loans

imprisoned without trial

-citizens would not be forced to provide free lodgings for soldiers

Why did Charles end the session of parliament in 1628?

Due to continuing complaints about Buckingham and the promotion of Arminians in the Church

What was Charles' published revised version of the Petition?

It asserted his right to continue collecting Tonnage and Poundage without a parliamentary grant.

What happened to merchants who refused to give Charles the Tonnage and Poundage?

Using the same justification of emergency powers in the national interest

What happened to Richard Chambers?

He was granted bail by the common law courts

What happened to Richard Chambers after he was granted bail?

Charles had him imprisoned by the Prerogative Court of the Star Chamber on direct royal authority

Who was William Laud?

A noted Arminian cleric who was appointed as Bishop of London by the King

What was the benefit of The Petition of Right for Charles?

It had offered the opportunity for reconciliation between Charles and parliament this diminished as a result of his actions.

What happened to Buckingham?

He was assassinated by John Felton

When was Buckingham assassinated?

August 1628

When did parliament reassemble again?

in January 1629

What happened when parliament reassembled in January 1629?

They began to look into breaches of the Petition

What happened once Parliament began to look into things?

Charles ordered parliament to adjourn.