Identification of Gram Negative Rods and Antibiotic Susceptibility

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These flashcards cover vocabulary and definitions from the lecture notes regarding the identification of gram-negative rods and their antibiotic susceptibility.

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28 Terms

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Enterobacteriaceae

A family of bacteria commonly found in the guts that includes Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., Proteus, and Salmonella.

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TSA (Tryptic Soy Agar)

A non-selective medium that supports the growth of many different microbes.

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Selective Media

Media that inhibits the growth of all bacteria except for the desired bacteria.

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Differential Media

Media that allows visualization of physical differences between the organisms that are growing.

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Fastidious Organisms

Organisms that require many growth factors to be added to culture media.

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Enrichment Media

Media that contains extra compounds to support the growth of fastidious organisms.

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Oxidase Test

A test for the presence of the enzyme cytochrome oxidase; indicated by a color change.

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MacConkey Agar

A selective and differential medium for gram-negative bacteria that differentiates between lactose fermenters and non-fermenters.

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Citrate Agar

Tests for an organism's ability to utilize citrate as the sole carbon source, indicated by a color change to blue.

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Phenylalanine Deaminase Test (PDA)

Tests for the enzyme phenylalanine deaminase; indicated by a green color after adding ferric chloride.

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Colony

A visible area of microbe growth arising from a single original cell.

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Generation Time

The time it takes for a population to double, starting from one cell.

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Bactericidal

Antibiotics that kill bacteria.

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Bacteriostatic

Antibiotics that slow down the growth and multiplication of bacteria.

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Zone of Inhibition

The area around an antibiotic disk where bacteria cannot grow, indicating susceptibility.

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Kirby-Bauer Test

A disc diffusion method used to determine antibiotic susceptibility.

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Resistance Mechanism

Adaptations bacteria have to survive in the presence of antibiotics, e.g., through plasmid acquisition.

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Aseptic Technique

Laboratory methods to prevent contamination from pathogens.

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MacConkey Function

Selective for gram negatives and differentiates lactose fermenters (pink) from non-fermenters (clear).

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KIA (Kligler’s Iron Agar)

Tests the ability to ferment lactose and/or glucose and produce hydrogen sulfide.

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Antibiotic Resistance

The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics, often due to genetic adaptations.

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Plasticity of Bacterial Genome

The capability of bacteria to rapidly adapt to changing environments, including antibiotic exposure.

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Misuse of Antibiotics

Failure to follow proper instructions for antibiotic use, leading to resistance.

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PDA Color Change

A positive result in a phenylalanine deaminase test is indicated by a green color.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

A method to determine which antibiotics are effective against particular bacterial infections.

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Muller-Hinton Agar

A type of agar used for antibiotic susceptibility testing where discs are placed to observe bacterial growth inhibition.

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Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis

One of the targets for antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins.

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Importance of Labeling

Crucial in laboratory settings to track organisms and avoid cross-contamination.