APHG VOCAB UNIT 2

Aging Population

a population in which the percentage that is age 65 and older is increasing relative to other age groups.

Agricultural Population Density

a type of population density that compares the number of farmers to the area of arable land

Anti-natalist Policies

programs to decrease number of births

Arable

used or suitable for growing crops

Arithmetic Population Density

calculated by dividing a region’s population by it’s area

Asylum Seekers

people seeking protection from the dangers they faced in their home country

Boserup Theory

Food supply is impacted directly by population growth. As population increases humans will develop new technologies to also increase production of food supply. 

Brain Drain

when migration out of a country is made up of highly skilled people

Carrying Capacity

the population a region can support without significant environmental deterioration

Chain Migration

when people move to communities where relatives or friends migrated previously

Climate

the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period

Contraception

birth control by the use of devices (diaphragm or intrauterine device or condom) or drugs or surgery

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

the number of live births per year for each 1000 people

Culture

A total way of life held in common by a group of people, including learned features such as language, ideology, behavior, technology, and government

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

model that shows the five typical stages of population changes that countries pass through as they modernize

Model used by geographers to analyze and predict trends in population growth and decline including patterns of births, deaths and natural increase rates.  

Demography

the study of population statistics. 

Dependency Ratio

a value comparing the working to the nonworking parts of the population

Economics

the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth

the study of the flow of goods and services through space

Emigrants

people who moved out of the country

Epidemiological Transition Model

predictable stages in disease  and life expectancy that countries experience as they develop which corresponds with the stages of the DTM

Ehrlich Theory

population growth cannot continue without controls because the planet will reach the carrying capacity of our species

Ethnic Enclave

neighborhoods filled primarily with people of same ethnic group

Fertility Rate

average number of children born per woman

Forced Migration

type of movement in which people do not choose to relocate, but do so under threat of violence

Gravity Model

explains how regions of human populated areas interact and are influenced by the variables of their populations and the distance between them

predicts the movement of people and goods

Guest Worker

a foreign laborer working temporarily in an industrialized, usually European, country

High Latitudes

latitudes greater than about 60 degrees N and S.

Immigration Policies

regulations and laws that govern the movement of people into a country

Immigrants

people who moved into the country

Internal Migration

movement within a nation-state

Internally Displaced Persons

individuals who have been forced to flee their homes due to conflict, violence, human rights violations, or natural disasters but remain within their country's borders.

Intervening Opportunities/Obstacles

the potential alternatives that arise during the migration process, which can influence a person's decision to settle in a location other than their intended destination.

Landforms

how features of Earth's terrain formed over the course of millions of years, creating a landscape that has a varying topography and elevational height.

Life Expectancy

the number of years the average person will live

Low Latitudes

generally between the equator and 30 degrees N.

Malthusian Theory

Population grows exponentially while food output only grow arithmetically. This would result in a food shortage and famine due to overpopulation.

Medical Care

Midlatitudes

geographic regions between approximately 30 and 60 degrees north and south of the equato

Migration

the movement of people from one place to another

Mortality

the proportion of a population that dies in a specified geographic area in a given period

Neo- Malthusian

Concerns about sustainable use of the environment - the earth’s resources can only sustain a finite (limited) population.

Physiological Population Density

calculated by dividing the population by the amount of arable land

Population Doubling Time

Population Pyramid

most useful tool to study population; age-sex composition graph

Pro-natalist Policies

programs designed to increase the fertility rate

Pull Factors

positive condition and circumstances of a destination

Push Factors

negative circumstances, events, or conditions present where people live

Rate Of Natural Increase (RNI)

the percentage at which a country’s population is growing or declining, without the impact of migration

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

a theory highlighting the inverse relationship between the distance and volume of migration between a source and destination

Redistricting

the redrawing of district lines every 10 years

Refugees

people who cross international and have a well founded fear that they will be harmed if they return home

Remittances

money people who migrated to wealthy countries send to their family and friends in the country they left behind

Return Migration

the voluntary movements of immigrants back to their place of origin

Rural-to-Urban Migration

when people move, either temporarily or permanently, from a rural area to an urban city

Slavery

Social Stratification

the hierarchical division of people into groups based on factors such as power, ethnicity

Step Migration

a process in which migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller moves

Transhumance

a seasonal movement of people and their livestock between highland and lowland areas

Transnational Migration

those who have moved to another country yet still have ties back to their home countries

Water Bodies

Xenophobia

dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.