English Lesson 6

Shifting Perspective

• It means choosing to be open-minded. You're choosing to see things differently. To open up to the possibilities of a variety of vantage points.

• You shift perspective by thinking or doing something differently to change yourself, your situation or others

Literary Arts

are grouped together according to their distinct shared approach, form, style, social concerns and ideals. These classifications are referred to as literary movements which often correspond to the historical period that the arts and literature belong to.

Literary Movements

constantly emerge, change, and evolve, giving way to new thoughts and perspectives, reflective of the various groups of people, belonging to a particular period of time, who respond to their ever-changing demands and concerns.

Bias

means a tendency to favor one person, group, thing or point of view over another, often in an unfair way

Prejudice

is an unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought or reason. It simply means to pre-judge others.

Example of Bias

• Some companies hire only women because they feel they make better employees for some gender-related reasons or vice versa.

• She won the contest because one of the judges is her uncle

Example of Prejudice

• RACE - Asian, Afro, American

• AGE - senior citizen

• GENDER - male, female, LGBTQ

• RELIGION - Muslim, Christian

• SOCIOECONOMICS - poor, rich

A prejudice is an unjustified or incorrect attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based solely on the individual's membership of a social group. For example, a person may hold prejudiced views towards a certain race (racist) or gender etc. (e.g. sexist).

Bias

• An inclination for or against a person, idea, or thing, especially in a way considered to be unfair.

• Both negative and positive attitudes

• Results in unfairness

Prejudice

• Preconceived opinion that is not based on actual experience or reason.

• Usually negative attitudes both negative and positive attitudes

• Results in discrimination

Literary Devices

is any specific aspect of literature, or a particular work, which we can recognize, identify, interpret and/or analyze. Both literary elements and literary techniques can rightly be called literary devices.

Metaphor

is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn't literally true but helps explain an idea or make a comparison.

Examples of Metaphor

1. My heart is broken.

2. My grandmother is an angel because she bakes cookies whenever I go over.

3. With all the bumps, this bus ride is a nightmare!

Allusion

is one type of figurative language. To use allusion a writer refers to another literary work, a well-known person or character, a well-known object, or a well-known event.

Example of Allusion

1. Sam is young and hungry for success.

2. That was always my Achilles' heel.

3. He felt like he won a golden ticket.

Symbol

Symbolism in literature is a tool of figurative language where an image, object, idea or symbol is used to represent something other than its literal meaning. It is a common technique used by writers in both fiction and non-fiction texts to emphasize a theme or make a point about the nature of a story.

Example of Symbol

1. A red octagon is a common symbol for "STOP"

2. The color white stands for purity, black represents evil, roses stand for romance, a butterfly symbolizes transformation and a dog can represent loyalty.

Impromptu

is given with little or no preparation, yet almost always with some advance knowledge on the topic. This is sometimes referred to as "off the cuff" or "spur of the moment”.

Example of Impromptu

1. Self-introductions in group settings

2. The color white stands for purity, black represents evil, roses stand for romance, a butterfly symbolizes transformation and a dog can represent loyalty

• Point - make your main point clearly in your introduction.

• Reason – state why you made your main point. Include opinion, research, statistics, and any other material that adds credibility.

• Example – cite an example that supports your point.

• Point – make your point one last time

Extemporaneous

is a speech that involves little preparation, as the speaker may use notes or cards to give his talk. It is important that speakers will still use their own words and talk naturally. . It is especially important for presentations to have a good structure.

developed through outlining ideas, not writing them out word-for-word. They are practiced ahead of time, rehearsed and re-rehearsed

Example of Extemporaneous

Explaining to your parents why you arrived home after your curfew