Lab Cells

Mitosis

Replacement, growth, healing/ repair

Meiosis

Reproduction, genetic variety takes place in the gonads & begins with replicated DNA, cycles twice, creates sperm & oocyte (4 & 1) 23 chromosomes, PMAT

Synapsis

Alignment of homologous pairs at the equator forming tetrads maternal and paternal occurs during prophase of meiosis 1

Regulatory Factors

Nutrition, available space, hormones, age

Crossover

Only occurs with internal chromosomes in the Tetrad produces new combination of genetic material, within one male & female pair could see over 72 trillion variations

Meiosis 1

Have 2 cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes similar in number to mitosis completely different form

Meiosis 2

Occurs with DNA replication reducing chromosomes to the n amount, results increase survivability of the infant

Spermiation

Maturation process occurs in Epididymis, shed unnecessary organelles, sperm are stored and reabsorbed

Capacitation

Activation of the sperm don’t swim until ejaculatory duct and mixing PSA

Spermatogenesis

Occurs in Seminiferous Tubules movement Seminiferous tubules → Epididymis → Vas Deferens→ ED

Spermatogonium

Stem cells of the sperm, each cell in development of 4 sperm

Interstitial Cells

Produce the testosterone

Acrosome

Enzymatic covering to help destroy the covering over the egg

Oogenesis

Gamete production in female controlled by FSH & LH, begins in fetal development all oocytes all women are going to have are formed by the time. Stage ends at Prophase 1 begins again at Puberty completes Meiosis 1, Metaphase 2 when secondary oocyte is ovulated

Ovarian Cycle

28 day cycle controlled by FSH & LH, produces secondary oocyte and estrogen/progesterone

Primordial Follicles

Activated by FSH

Primary Follicles

Covered by single row of cuboidal epithelium

Secondary Follicles

2 layers of cuboidal cells have two layer and secrete rising amounts of estrogen which helps the endometrium to redevelop

Granulosa

Begin to produce estrogen

Graafian Follicle

Develops into large fluid filled

Corona Radiata

Cuboidal cells surrounding the ooocyte

Ovulation Phase

Ovulation occurs due to sudden increase LH expelling the ooocyte into peritoneum

Luteal Phase

If implantation occurs 90 days until the placenta takes over production, if implantation eggg does not occur Corpus Luteum will degenerate 10 days progesterone level plummet

Corpus Luteum

Left over granulosa cells will form (yellow body)

Corpus Albicans

After corpus luteum degenerate there will be a small scar

Uterine Cycle

@8 day perios where uterine lining grows and prepare to recieve fertilized egg

Menstrual Phase

Occurs when progesterone levels drop to their lowest levels day 5 vdeveloping follicles will begin to produce more estrogen and stimulate regrowth of lining

Secretory Phase

Endometrium prepares for implantation of a fertilized egg, progesterone rise due to Corpus Luteum, functional becomes more mucosa layer, mucus becomes thick and result in mucus plug

Proliferative Phase

Endometrium will redevelop and grow functional layer, mucus is thin in this phase allow passage of sperm into the uterus day 6-14 (uterine

Blastocyst

What is implanted in endometrium in about 7 days

Morula

Rapid mitosis begins create a mass of cells

HCG

hormones of pregnancy maintains Corpus Luteum