LESSON III-IV: COLONIAL AMERICA UP TO THE REVOLUTION

Leiden

Where were pilgrims free to worship and enjoy “much peace and liberty”?

poverty

Pilgrim farmers lived in __, laboring long hours for low pay by weaving, spinning, and making cloth.

New World

What gave pilgrims an opportunity to evangelize to Native Americans and undertake, as Bradford wrote, “the propagating and advancing the gospel of the kingdom of Christ in those remote parts of the world.” ?

French

Which settler occuppied areas west of the Mississippi River, such as Louisiana, Illinois, and much of Canada?

Spanish

Which settler took hold of Florida, Texas, and much of the Caribbean?

Dutch

Which settler occupied  areas of the Hudson River Valley and modern-day New York City, which was named "New Amsterdam" by the settlers. 

mercantile

The colonists settled into what kind of economy that separated the colonies into three distinct regions?

• New England Colonies,

• Middle Colonies

• Southern Colonies.

What were the 3 regions/colonies recognized which was separated through mercantilism?

Massachusetts

What began as a small Puritan settlement in Plymouth, now became a large collection of colonies that formed a larger colony that was recognized as one of the Thirteen Colonies by the British Crown by the name of “__”.

Massachusetts Colony

It was the most populous of the New England Colonies, which resulted in life being focused on industry, seaborne trade, and sprawling urban life.

Boston

The average colonist most likely centered their life around the city of __, as the port was the largest in the area and contained the largest number of merchant vessels throughout the New England Colonies

False - individual substances only bcs of poor soil

T or F: A male colonist had the ability to farm for large-scale commercial agriculture

Boston

The large marketplace of ideas and goods in the New England Colony became centralized in which area?

The Boston News-Letter

What was the first weekly newspaper in 1704?

breadbasket

The Middle Colonies were considered the __ of the Thirteen Colonies. This region was classified by the fertile farmland and religious liberty

Pennsylvania

This place contained a government made up of Quakers that fled persecution in England. This was discovered by William Penn

New York

The providence of this place, which is a British spoil of war from the Anglo-Dutch War, became one of the largest ports in the Middle Colonies and attracted large amounts of immigration.

Lumber

In the Middle Colonies, what industry was established  due to tis lush forests and woods? This supported shipbuilding.

Middle (in NY)

Which of the 3 colonies were home to many animals that became prized for their fur?

iron ore

The Middle Colonies had a natural deposit of __ __that was utilized to create pig iron in furnaces. This created an entirely new profession that revolved around working with iron and blacksmithing.

Chesapeake Region 

Southern Region.

2 categories of the Southern Colonies:

Chesapeake Region

This region in the Southern Colonies featured many who had moved from the Middle Colonies after being released from indentured servitude on the numerous farms up north. 

Maryland

What colony did Lord Baltimore establish to safeguard Catholics against the Anglican persecution faced in Britain?

Maryland

This colony fostered one of the largest amounts of religious toleration within the Thirteen Colonies

False - Chesapeake

T or F: Southern Region of Georgia, the Carolinas, and inland Virginia, was diverse in faith and trade

The areas provided perfect climate and soil to grow the cash crops of tobacco, cotton, and indigo, therefore having large estate plantations. More slaves=more profits

What accounts for the reliance on slave labor from the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and forms of indentured servitude in the Southern Colonies? 

1. aristocrat = landowners

2. modest substinence farmers

What are the 2 social classes in the Southern Colonies?

False - Southern Colonies

T or F: Slaves were seen as ‘sub-human’ and quite literally ‘foreign’ by the Middle Colonies

Church of England

Because many migrants to the Southern Colonies were of English descent, throughout the Southern Colonies, the __ _ __ had a powerful presence within the area.

BACON’S REBELLION

An uprising in 1676 in colonial Virginia was led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colonial government and Native American tribes. It arose due to grievances against political and economic inequalities, lack of protection from Native American raids, and perceived favoritism towards the wealthy elite. 

Blackbeard

also known as Edward Teach. A notorious English pirate who operated in the early 18th century (off the coast of the Southern Colonies). His presence was a threat to colonial trade and maritime security.

Joint Stock

Colonies in Colonial America were established through charters granted to __ __ Companies

Virginia Company

One of the most famous joint-stock companies that financed the settlement of Jamestown. 

Headright System

A land distribution system used in the Southern Colonies, particularly Virginia, during the Colonial Era. Under this system, individuals who paid for their passage to the New World were granted 50 acres of land, encouraging the influx of immigrants and indentured servants who were vital to the expansion of the colony

House of Burgesses

The first representative legislative assembly in Colonial America, located in Virginia. It provided a forum for elected representatives to make local laws and regulations for the colony.

Indentured Servants

These are individuals who agreed to work for a specific period, usually four to seven years, in exchange for passage to the New World and the promise of land after their service. They played a significant role in the early development of the Southern Colonies, especially in the tobacco industry.

Virginia

Jamestown, the first successful English settlement in Colonial America, is located in present-day __ and played a crucial role in the establishment of the English colonial presence in North America.

JOINT STOCK COMPANY

It was a business venture where investors pooled their capital to fund colonization efforts and share potential profits and losses.

Lord Baltimore

also known as George Calvert, was an English nobleman who founded Maryland as a Proprietary Colony in 1632. He sought to create a haven for English Catholics and established the Maryland Colony with a degree of religious tolerance

THE MARYLAND TOLERATION ACT

was a 1649 law in the Maryland colony that provided religious tolerance for all Christians, including Catholics.

Powhatan

The paramount chief of the this specific native confederacy, which are a group of Algonquian-speaking Native American tribes in Virginia. He played a prominent role in the early history of Jamestown as he interacted with the English settlers, including John Smith and Pocahontas.

Roanoke Island

This colony holds historical significance as the site of England’s first attempt at establishing a permanent colony in the New World in the late 16th century.

Sir Walter Raleigh

Who sponsored the Roanoke colony, which became known as the “Lost Colony” due to its mysterious disappearance?

Tobacco, England

was a cash crop that became the mainstay of the Southern Colonies’ economy, particularly Virginia. Its successful cultivation and export to __ helped the colonies thrive economically, but also contributed to an increasing demand for cheap labor, leading to the expansion of slavery.

Seven Years’ War

This is known as the French and Indian War in the American colonies. It was the first world war and was eventually won by the British. 

True

T or F: After the war, the American colonists were said to be rabid expansionists. Already, the population of America in 1763 was a third of the size of Great Britain’s and was growing rapidly.

Pontiac Rebellion

Indian attacks over the transfer of Indian land to British forts would lead to the __ Rebellion

False - Land-hungry settlers defied the prohibitions

T or F: The Proclamation of 1763, wherein there was an imaginary line beyond which white settlers were forbidden to go was effective.

True

T or F: Strict enforcement of the Molasses Act was one of the causes of the American Revolution

Sugar Act

American Revenue Act of 1764 is also called? This levied new duties on imports into America of textiles, wine, coffee, indigo, and sugar.

False - plummet

T or F: The Currency Act of 1764 means that printing more paper money causes the value of existing paper money to rise.

Stamp Act

This act created revenue stamps to be purchased and affixed to every form of printed matter used in the colonies: newspapers, pamphlets, bonds, leases, deeds, licenses, insurance policies, college diplomas, and even playing cards.

Stamp Act

This was the first outright effort by Parliament to place a direct or “internal” tax specifically on American goods and services rather than an “external” tax on imports and exports. 

Boston Massacre

This Massacre was the effect of how the Parliament repealed all duties except the tea tax

Tea Act of 1773

This act is explained by how the government would allow the grossly mismanaged company to send its South Asian tea directly to America without paying any dues.

Boston Tea Party

On December 16, 1773, scores of Patriots disguised as Mohawks boarded three British ships and threw the 342 chests of East India Company tea overboard, cheered on by a crowd along the shore. 

George Washington

This 43-year-old was the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. He accepted but refused to be paid. 

1. service in the French and Indian War (most experienced officers)

2. from influential Virginia (wealthy)

3. tall, strong, fearless

What were the reasons why Washington was selected by the Congress to be commander?

Common Sense

A fifty-page pamphlet made by Thomas Paige which revealed the colonial grievances that had been directed at the British parliament

declaring independence

Only by __ __, Paine predicted, could the colonists enlist the support of France and Spain and thereby engender a holy war of monarchy against monarchy.

Thomas Jefferson

Who was the primary writer for the first draft of the declaration of independence?

False - 5

T or F: In June 1776, the Continental Congress appointed a committee of three men to write a public rationale for independence. 

all men are created equal

The resulting Declaration of Independence introduced the radical concept that “___” in terms of their God-given right to maintain governments of their own choosing.

John Locke

The radical concept of the DOI represented a compelling restatement of this person’s contract theory of government.

Tyranny

The stated enemy in the DOI was a king trying to impose “an absolute __ over these States.”

thirteen

The “Representatives of the United States of America” declared the how many “United Colonies” to be “Free and Independent States”??

General George Washington

He ordered the Declaration read to every unit in the Continental Army.

Declaration of Independence

This converted what had been an armed rebellion, a civil war between British subjects, into a war between Britain and a new nation.