1. Tipos de Investigación complemento visto en clase (1)

Basic Research

Also known as pure, theoretical, or dogmatic research; aims to formulate new theories or modify existing ones without practical application.

Applied Research

Also known as practical or empirical research; focuses on the application of knowledge acquired to real-world problems.

Documentary Research

Research that relies on documents of any kind to gather information, including bibliographic, hemerographic, and archival sources.

Field Research

Research that involves direct contact with the object of study, collecting data from the environment where the issue originates.

Experimental Research

Research aimed at modifying reality to create and observe a phenomenon by manipulating variables.

Exploratory Research

Research conducted to highlight fundamental aspects of a problem and find appropriate procedures for subsequent investigation.

Descriptive Research

Research that characterizes an object of study or a concrete situation, identifying its characteristics and properties.

Explanatory Research

Research that combines various methods to answer the why of the object being studied and formulate explanatory hypotheses.

Correlational Research

Research aimed at measuring the degree of relationship between two or more concepts or variables.

Cross-sectional Research

Research where data is collected at a single point in time to describe and analyze variables.

Longitudinal Research

Studies that collect data at different time points to infer the evolution of an issue or phenomenon.

Quantitative Research

Research that gathers and analyzes numerical data to determine associations between variables.

Qualitative Research

Research that avoids quantification, focusing on narrative records of studied phenomena.

Analytical Method

A method that distinguishes elements of a phenomenon and reviews each separately.

Scientific Method

A process for explaining phenomena, establishing relationships between facts, and formulating laws.

Deductive Method

A method that derives specific conclusions from a universal law.

Dialectical Method

A method that studies phenomena in relation to others and their continuous change.

Inductive Method

A method that forms general conclusions from particular premises.

Synthetic Method

A method that connects seemingly isolated facts to formulate a unifying theory.

Hypothesis Testing

A statistical method used to determine the likelihood that a given hypothesis is true based on sample data.

Sample

A subset of individuals or items selected from a larger population used for the purpose of analysis.

Population

The entire group of individuals or items that a researcher is interested in studying.

Control Group

A group in an experiment that does not receive treatment and is used as a benchmark to measure the effects of the treatment.

Variable

Any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types and can affect the outcome of an experiment.

Data Collection

The process of gathering information from a variety of sources to answer research questions.

Statistical Analysis

The process of collecting and analyzing data to identify patterns, relationships, or trends.

Case Study

An in-depth exploration of a particular case or instance, used to illustrate a broader principle or phenomenon.

Secondary Research

Research that involves summarizing, collating, or synthesizing existing research rather than collecting primary data.

Mixed Methods Research

Research that combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a research problem.

Ethnographic Research

A qualitative research method that involves observing and interacting with a study's participants in their real-life environment.

Case-Control Study

An observational study design where two groups differing in outcome status are identified and compared to find a causal factor.

Cohort Study

A research design that follows a group of people over time to see how different exposures affect their outcomes.

Meta-Analysis

A statistical technique for combining the findings from independent studies to determine the overall trend or effect.

Survey Research

A method of collecting information by asking people questions and analyzing their responses.

Longitudinal Study

A study that collects data from the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time to observe changes.

Pilot Study

A small-scale preliminary study conducted to evaluate feasibility, duration, cost, and adverse events involved in a research project.

Action Research

A participatory study that aims to solve an immediate problem while simultaneously generating new knowledge.

Operational Research

A branch of applied mathematics that uses advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions.

Action Research Cycle

A continuous cycle of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting to improve practices.

Content Analysis

A research method that involves systematically analyzing the content of communication, such as text or multimedia.

Focus Group

A qualitative research method that gathers diverse perspectives through guided discussion among a small group of participants.

Field Experiment

An experiment conducted in a real-world setting, allowing researchers to observe effects in a natural environment.

Longitudinal Design

A research design that repeatedly measures the same subjects over time to assess changes and developments.

Ethics in Research

Principles that guide researchers to conduct studies responsibly and ethically, protecting participants' rights and well-being.

Research Proposal

A plan that outlines a research project including its objectives, methodology, and significance.

Statistical Power

The probability that a statistical test will correctly reject a false null hypothesis, reflecting the sensitivity of the test.

Replication Study

A research study that repeats an original study to verify its findings and determine their validity.