DNA Extraction and Purification Techniques

This set of flashcards covers essential concepts of DNA extraction and purification techniques, including historical milestones, chemical processes, advantages and disadvantages of different methods, and biological considerations.

Who performed the first DNA extraction and in what year?

Friedrich Miescher in 1869.

What was the material that Miescher isolated called?

Nuclein.

What does DNA extraction entail?

The extraction of cellular/biological material and cell lysis to isolate DNA.

What is the main purpose of the isolation step in DNA extraction?

To separate and purify DNA from proteins and other cellular components.

Name a common chemical used for cellular disruption during DNA extraction.

Proteinase K.

What buffer is used to store DNA to prolong its stability?

TE Buffer (Tris:HCl & EDTA).

What can inhibit DNA processing?

Proteins, cell materials, and chemical contaminants.

Which method uses phenol and chloroform for DNA extraction?

Organic extraction.

What is one advantage of using Promega's DNA IQ Extraction method?

It eliminates the use of harmful compounds.

What is the effect of heat and humidity on DNA quality?

They speed up hydrolytic cleavage.

What is Chaotropic salts' role in Qiagen DNA extraction?

They disrupt hydrogen bonding to help isolate nucleic acids.

List one pro and one con of organic extraction.

Pro: Thorough and efficient; Con: Time-consuming and uses hazardous chemicals.

What enzyme is used to degrade proteins in differential extraction?

Proteinase K (ProK).

What happens during the first incubation in differential extraction?

Digestion of Epithelial Cells using digest buffer and Proteinase K.