Sleep and Sleep Medicine & Phylogeny

Flashcards on the History of Sleep, Defining Sleep, and Sleep Phylogeny

Book of the Dead

Ancient Egyptian text from 3000 BCE related to understanding sleep.

Hippocrates

Listed opium as a useful narcotic for sleep in 400 BCE.

Alcmaeon

Proposed blood circulation to the brain in 450 BCE.

Aristotle

Suggested sleep was a consequence of digestion around 400 BCE.

Galen

Suggested the brain, not the heart, is key to sleep and linked dreams to disease processes in 162 CE.

Defining Sleep

The natural, easily reversible, periodic state marked by absence of wakefulness and loss of consciousness.

Kleitman

Published "Sleep and Wakefulness" in 1939 and discovered REM sleep in 1953.

Dement

Discovered sleep cycles in cats in 1958.

Stanford Sleep Center

Established the world's first sleep center at Stanford in 1972.

Mayo Clinic

Started the first Sleep Medicine Fellowship in 1990.

Sleep Medicine

Recognized as a medical subspecialty in 2003.

Sleep Phylogeny

Study of the relatedness of organisms, used in sleep research to compare sleep characteristics across species.

Torpor

A state of reduced metabolic activity lasting for a few hours.

Abscission

Seasonal dormancy in plants.

Protozoan Dormancy

Dormancy in protozoans as part of their lifecycle.

Diapause

Risk and response dormancy in insects

Brumination

Cold-related dormancy in reptiles, amphibia, and fish.

Estivation

Hot-related dormancy in reptiles, amphibia, and fish.

Richard Caton

British physiologist who discovered the electrical properties of the brain in 1875.

Hans Berger

German psychiatrist who recorded the first human EEG in 1924.

Beta Waves

High-frequency brainwaves (13-30 Hz) present during wakefulness.

Alpha Waves

Brainwaves (8-12 Hz) that are lost in N2 sleep.

Theta Waves

Brainwaves (4-8 Hz) present in N3 sleep.

Delta Waves

Brainwaves (0.5-4 Hz) present in N3 sleep.

Hypnogram

A graphical representation of sleep stages throughout the night.

Sleep Onset Latency (SOL)

Time from 'lights off' to sleep onset

TIB

Time in Bed

Total Sleep Time

TST

WASO

Wake After Sleep Onset

FA

Final Awakening

Sleep Efficiency (SE)

Ratio of TST to TIB

Sleep Onset REM (SOREM)

When REM sleep starts within 15 minutes of sleep onset

SCN (Suprachiasmatic Nucleus)

Active in utero