perio lecture 1 : Periodontal Examination and Diagnosis Flashcards

Bisphosphonates

A family of drugs (such as Actonel, Fosamax, Boniva, Aredia, and Zometa) often prescribed for osteoporosis that requires cautioning patients about potential osteonecrosis of the jaw following oral surgery involving bone.

Ecchymosis

Spontaneous bruising that represents an abnormal bleeding tendency and should be correlated with the patient's medications.

Dental Casts

Diagnostic reproductions that indicate gingival margin positions, tooth inclinations, proximal contact relationships, and food impaction areas, while also serving as visual baseline aids and implant planning tools.

Intraoral Radiographic Survey

A diagnostic survey consisting of a minimum of $14$ intraoral films and $4$ posterior bite-wing films.

Panoramic Radiograph

A radiograph showing the temporomandibular joints and cystic spaces in the jaw, which does not display periodontal bone loss in detail.

Oral Malodor

Also termed fetor ex ore, fetor oris, or halitosis; an offensive odor emanating from the oral cavity that may have oral or extraoral origins.

Wasting Disease of the Teeth

Any gradual loss of tooth substance characterized by the formation of smooth, polished surfaces, including erosion, abrasion, attrition, and abfraction.

Erosion

A wedge-shaped depression in the cervical area of the facial tooth surface caused by acidic food.

Abrasion

Mechanical wear of tooth substance other than that of mastication, such as wear caused by clasps or incorrect toothbrushing.

Attrition

Occlusal wear of tooth substance resulting from contact with opposing teeth.

Abfraction

A form of tooth wasting caused by mechanical microfractures in the cervical area of the tooth.

Fremitus

Palpable or visible movement of a tooth when subjected to occlusal forces, evaluated by placing an index finger on the labial surface of maxillary teeth during lateral and protrusive movements.

Sensitivity to Percussion

A diagnostic feature indicating acute inflammation of the periodontal ligament.

Gingiva

The keratinized mucosa that surrounds the teeth and forms a collar around each tooth, typically coral pink in color.

Gingival Index (Löe and Silness, 1963)

An assessment index for gingival inflammatory status scored from $0$ (normal) to $3$ (severe inflammation with marked redness, edema, ulceration, and spontaneous bleeding).

Bleeding on Probing (BOP)

One of the earliest visual signs of gingival inflammation, evaluated by applying light force with a probe to the bottom of the sulcus/pocket and moving it along the tooth surface.

Plaque Index (Silness and Loe, 1964)

An index measuring plaque thickness on the gingival one-third of teeth across $28$ teeth (excluding wisdom teeth) and $4$ surfaces per tooth.

Calculus Index (CI)

A scoring metric measuring mineralized deposit accumulation on teeth, ranging from CI $0$ (no observable calculus) to CI $3$ (supragingival calculus covering over two-thirds or a continuous heavy subgingival band).

Gingival Pocket

Also known as a pseudopocket or false pocket; a pathologically deepened sulcus formed by gingival enlargement without apical migration of the junctional epithelium.

Periodontal Pocket

A true pocket seen in periodontitis occurring with apical migration of the junctional epithelium and destruction of supporting periodontal tissues.

Suprabony Pocket

A periodontal pocket where the bottom of the pocket is coronal to the underlying crest of the alveolar bone.

Infrabony Pocket

A periodontal pocket where the bottom of the pocket is apical to the crest of the alveolar bone.

Probing Force

The standard force required for accurate exploration with a periodontal probe