United States History Vocabulary

Colonization

the establishment of distant settlements controlled by the parent country

Columbian exchange

the transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and old world societies after 1492

Conquistadors

Spanish soldiers (conquerors), pushed into the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, and South America

Mestizos

Mixed spanish and Native American heritage-population

Encomienda

the labor system

Pope’s Rebellion

It was an Indian uprising

Joint stock companies

business owned by multiple investors who hold shares of stock proportional to their investment

Indentured Servant

People who worked for a farmer for 4-7 years in exchange for a freedom passage to America

Royal Colony

under the direct control of the king

Nathaniel Bacon

A wealthy planter, broke from his support of Berkeley and formed an army to fight Native Americans on the frontier

Jamestown

the first permanent English settlement in North America

Pilgrims

Separatists who fled from England to escape persecution

Puritans

Church members who wanted to “purify” or reform the Anglican church (Church of England)

Roger Williams

A popular minister, and extreme separatist spole of making a clean break from the church of England

Anne Hutchinson

Also challenged Puritan beliefs, seen as a greater threat than Roger Williams

Mayflower Compact

A simple agreement to form a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon (step towards self-government).

house of Burgesses

giving birth to representative self-government (the first miniature parliament on American soil)