Chapter 9 Obstetrics and Neonatology Review Not built from word parts pt 2

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from Chapter 9 Obstetrics and Neonatology, including diagnostic imaging, laboratory tests, Apgar score, signs and symptoms, medical specialties, descriptive terms, treatments, and other related concepts.

nuchal translucency screening

Ultrasound test to check the back of the fetal neck for extra fluid or thickening, usually performed between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy, which may reveal an increased risk for Down syndrome or other congenital disorders when combined with first-trimester screening blood tests.

quad screen

Blood test performed during the second trimester measuring four hormone levels that can reveal an increased risk of certain disorders in the developing fetus, such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), trisomy 18, and neural tube defects. An abnormal result requires a confirming diagnostic test and genetic counseling.

Apgar score

System for rapid neonatal assessment at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, evaluating five vital criteria (heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, response to stimulation, and color) on a 0-2 scale, with 7-10 considered normal for the 5-minute score.

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Prenatal test that takes a sample from the placenta, usually performed between 10 and 13 weeks of pregnancy, to test for chromosomal and other genetic problems, typically in high-risk pregnancies due to a small risk of miscarriage.

colostrum

Thin, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first days after birth before lactation begins.

lochia

Vaginal discharge after childbirth.

quickening

First feeling of movement of the fetus in utero by the pregnant woman, usually occurring between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation.

midwife

Individual who practices midwifery.

midwifery

Practice of assisting in childbirth.

obstetrician

Physician who specializes in obstetrics.

obstetrics (OB)

Medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium.

breech presentation

Birth position in which the buttocks, feet, or knees emerge first.

cephalic presentation

Birth position in which any part of the head emerges first; it is the most common presentation.

in vitro

Outside the body or in a lab setting.

in vivo

Within the living body.

lactation

Secretion of milk.

parturition

Act of giving birth.

puerperium

Period from delivery until the reproductive organs return to normal (approximately 6 weeks).

congenital anomaly

Abnormality present at birth; often discovered before birth by sonography or amniocentesis.

meconium

First stool of the newborn (greenish-black).

gavage

Process of feeding through a tube; used for critically ill newborns and others who are unconscious, unable to swallow, or too weak to eat (also called gastric gavage).

premature infant

Infant born before completing 37 weeks of gestation (also called preterm infant).

stillborn

Born dead (death of fetus after 20 weeks of pregnancy).