Maddie Robinson Chapter 3- Histology

Histology

study of tissue

cell differentiation

formation of specialized cells

4 types of body tissue

epithelial, connective, nerve, muscle

characteristics of epithelial tissue

adhere closely, avascular, covers body surface/lining

avascular

no blood vessels

three ways epithelial tissue are classified

layers, shape, modifications

simple cells

single layer

stratified cells

multiple layers

squamous cells

flat

cuboidal cells

cubical

columnar cells

tall and skinny

three types of cellular modifications

cilia, microvilli, goblet cells

type of cells with modifications

columnar epithelial cells

cilia

fine hairs for movement

microvilli

extensions to increase surface area

goblet cells

secrete mucus

location of simple squamous epithelial cells

alveoli, lining of blood vessels, membranes

location of simple cuboidal cells

kidney, liver, pancreas, thyroid

aden/o

gland

location of simple columnar ciliated epithelial cells

fallopian tubes

cilia on fallopian tube

carry eggs from ovaries to uterus

location of simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

stomach lining

goblet cells in stomach

neutralize stomach acid

location of simple columnar brush-border epithelium with goblet cells

intestine lining

location of pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells

respiratory tract

pseudo

false

pseudostratified

falsely stratified

cilia on respiratory tract

catch dust

location of transitional epithelium

urinary bladder

why it’s called transitional epithelium

stretches and transforms

lumen

hole

subtypes of stratified squamous epithelium

keratinizing and non-keratinizing

keratin

hardening protein

location of keratin

hair, skin, nails

non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

no dead layers

location of non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

oral, anal, vaginal

keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

dead layers

location of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

epidermis

what cells need to be surrounded by

fluid

connective tissue function

connect and support other tissues

areolar loose connective tissue

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells

fibroblasts

principal cell; secrete proteins

macrophages

engulf foreign agents

mast cells

secrete histamine for inflammation

inflammation

swelling, redness, pain

erythema

redness

edema

swelling

proteins secreted by fibroblasts

collagen and elastin

collagen

strength

elastin

elasticity

adipose tissue

closely packed fat cells with filled vacuoles

function of adipose tissue

reserve food for energy, insulate

common locations of adipose tissue

subcutaneous (under skin), kidneys, eyes, butt, breasts

subtypes of dense fibrous connective tissue

regular and irregular

5 places dense fibrous connective tissue located

tendons, ligaments, dermis, scar tissue, dura mater

peri

around

look of regular arranged dense fibrous connective tissue

parallel bundels

look of irregular arranged dense fibrous connective tissue

interwoven

how connective tissue is classified

type of cell and intercellular matter

special thing about cartilage tissue

avascular (no blood vessels)

three subtypes of cartilage

hyaline, fibro, elastic

4 locations hyaline cartilage is found

long bones, nose, trachea/larynx, articulating bones

where fibrocartilage is found

intervertebral disks

where elastic cartilage is found

external ear

osteocytes

bone cell

compact bone look

dense and solid

spongy bone look

porous

osteoblasts

bone forming cell

osteoclasts

bone destroying cell

resorption

bone removal

ossification

bone formation

haversian systems

compact bone w rings

diaphysis

bone shaft

epiphysis

ends of bones

in the medullary cavity

fat cells in adults, blood cells in children

hemopoiesis

making blood cells

hematopoietic tissue

tissue that makes red blood cells

erythrocytes

red blood cells (oxygen)

leukocytes

white blood cells (infection)

platelets

helps blood clotting

thromboplastin

triggers blood coagulation

neoplasms

abnormal tissue growth (tumors)

benign tumors

noncancerous

malignant tumors

cancerous