Dental Sciences & Prev Dentistry- Ch 6/ Key Terms/COMPLETE

abdominal cavity

The space within the abdomen that contains the internal organs such as the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, and spleen.

anatomic position

The standard position of the body, standing upright with arms at the sides and palms facing forward, used as a reference in anatomy.

anatomy

study of the shape and structure of the living human body

cell membrane

A biological barrier that surrounds and protects the cell, regulating the movement of substances in and out.

chromosomes

Structures within cells that contain DNA and genes, carrying hereditary information.

connective tissue

A type of tissue that supports, binds, and protects other tissues and organs, providing structural support

cranial cavity

The space within the skull that houses the brain and protects it from injury.

cytoplasm

The gel-like substance within a cell, where organelles are located and various cellular processes occur.

dorsal cavity

The body cavity located along the back that contains the brain and spinal cord.

endoplasmic reticulum

is a network for moving materials within the cell, involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

epithelial tissue

types of tissue that forms the protective outer layer of skin and lines organs and cavities. (all body surfaces)

golgi complex

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

lysosomes

are bags of digestive enzymes in the cells that break down nutrients and toxic material

parietal

the wall of a body cavity

midsagittal plane

The midsagittal plane is a vertical line that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

mitochondria

produces energy for a cell from the food we eat

muscle tissue

a type of tissue that enables movement in the body through contraction and relaxation.

National Institution of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)

the federal governments lead agency for scientific research on oral, dental, and craniofacial disease

Nerve Tissue

responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities

nucleus

control center of the cell

oblique plane

divides the body at an angle

organelle

specialized part of the cell that performs specific functions

pelvic cavity

contains portions of large and small intestines, the rectum, bladder, and reproductive organs.

physiology

study of the functions of the human body

planes

imaginary lines used to divide the body into sections for anatomical study.

ribosomes

interpret the RNA for use inside a cell

sagittal plane

any vertical plane parallel to the midline that divides the body into unequal left and right sections.

spinal cavity

space in the body that contains the spinal cord and vertebrae.

stem cell

immature, unspecialized cells capable of replication and differentiation into other types of cells or tissue

thoracic cavity

contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea

transverse plane

a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts.

ventral cavity

cavity located at the front of the body