Dr. Malone, First Exam, World Lit. 1

Parallelism

Hebrew poetry in repetition of meaning

English poetry in repetition of end sounds

3 types of parallelism

synonymous parallelism, antithetic parallelism, and synthetic parallelism

Synonymous parallelism

exact repetition of meaning

Antithetic parallelism

the second part states the first in a negative way

Synthetic parallelism

the first element is incomplete

The Odyssey

it prompts hospitality

Odyssamenas

this is what Odysseus derived from

Odysseus

one who is angry, one who gives cause for anger also one who suffers, or one who causes suffering

the view of hope

you belong in one place with one person

bed built on

the olive tree

Deusex machina

to God from the machine

Aristotle

student of Plato

What is its purpose or end?

pity/fear leads to Catharsis Purify/purge/cleanse

Job's friends

Eliphez, Bildad, and Zophar

Most structured book of the Bible?

Job

Job can be read as a

Theodicy

Things we need to believe in for Theodicy to be true

1) God is good

2)God is powerful

3)Innocent people suffer

The structure of the book of Job

prose ch 1-2

poetry ch 3-42

Epilogue (prose) 42:7-17

Job's lament ch 3

cycle 1 ch 4-14

Eliphez 4-5

Job's reply 6-7

Bildad 8

Job's reply 9-10

Zophar 11

Job's reply 12-14

cycle 2 (15-21)

Eliphaz 15

Job's reply 16-17

Bildad 18

Job's reply 19

Zophar 20

Job's reply 21

Cycle 3 (22-27)

Eliphaz 22

Job's reply 23-24

Bildad 25

Job's reply 26-27

God is not just Bullying Job

He is testing him to prove the Devil wrong.

Job's belief of God

God is all powerful and good. Not one or the other.

Question to consider after reading Job

Why does God let bad things happen to good people?

The Odyssey

Book about the aftermath of the Trojan war.

The Iliad

Book about Trojan war itself

Question to consider for The Odyssey

Why is Odysseus not in first four chapters?

Opinion/Question scholars have for why he wasn't

He doesn't need to be there because we already know him from The Iliad.

Dramatic Irony

We know why Job is being tested and his friends do not.

Epic

A long narrative poem on a serious subject centered on the fate of a people of nation.

Characteristics of an Epic

1) Hero- has national or cosmic importance

2) setting of the poem- worldwide or larger/underworld

3) the action- deeds in battle or a long dangerous journey.

4)Gods/ supernatural beings intervene

5) Narrated in ceremonial language

6) Begins with argument/epic theme addresses the muse

7) Begins "in medias res" means of the middle of things.

catalogues, Etc similes

Father Clement of Alexandria talks about The Odyssey book 12

Talks about Odysseus giving into listening to Sirens song. Says this is like Christians being tempted by sin and how to not give in by looking at the cross/Jesus.

Retributive justice

You did me wrong so I am going to get you back. A wrong for a wrong.

Hamartia

mistake or flaw

Flaw

Hubris

pride that challenges the gods.

Oedipus

The king of Thebes

Jocasta this p. 717

Kills herself when she finds out that the prophecy came true about Oedipus killing his dad and marring his mom.

How Oedipus dies

he takes away his own eyes when he learns about what he has done. He is not King anymore. He did this because he did not know who his parents were.

Focus of Oedipus the King

On Hamarita as a flaw but some say it was more of a mistake not a flaw.

Oedipus the King

Is a story about how gods do bad things not that bad things happen to bad people.

Differences between Odyssey and Oedipus the King

The Odyssey shows that you want gods on your side. Oedipus shows that gods can do whatever they want.

How Job is different from the other two stories we read

Job has a much different God and view of how God is good and powerful.

Athena

The goddess that helped Odysseus

Theodicy

a theological work that attempts to reconcile God's goodness with the evil and suffering we see in the world

p. 327 line 115

Telemachus is Odysseus's son and day dreams of his return because Odysseus's is the King of Ithaca.

p. 329 line 200-205

Now I will make a prophecy the gods have given me, and I think it will all come true, although I am no prophet. He will not be gone much longer from his own dear native land, even if chains of iron hold him fast. He will devise a means of getting home.

p. 333 line 362-363

She went upstairs, along with both her slaves, and wept there for her dear Odysseus.

She has been crying herself to sleep for 20 years.

p. 325-326 lines 32-35

"This is absurd, that mortals blame the gods! They say we cause their suffering, but they themselves increase it by folly....

p. 382- 383 lines 333-345

the White Goddess Cadmus's child, once human, human-voiced, now honored with the gods in salty depths, noticed that he was suffering and lost, with pity. "poor man! Why does enraged Poseidon create an odyssey of pain for you?

But his hostility will not destroy you. You seem intelligent. Do as I say.

Strip off your clothes and leave the raft behind for winds to take away..... She tells him to do more.

Odysseus does not believe her and thinks for himself. We like him for that.

P. 390 lines 194-197

The people here are called Phaeacians, and I am the daughter of the great King Alcinous, on whom depends the strength and power of our people.

p.390 lines 206-210

We must look after him. All foreigners and beggars come from Zeus, and any act of kindness is a blessing. so give the stranger food and drink, and wash him down in the river, sheltered from the wind."

p. 394 line 38-42

The seafaring Phaeacians did not see him as he passed through the town, since that great goddess, pigtailed Athena, in her care for him made him invisible with magic mist.

p. 394 & 396

The palace was very luxurious. "So the gods had blessed the house of King Alcinous with loverly gifts.

p. 396 line 140- 145

Athena covered him, until he reached Arete and the king. He threw his arms around Arete's knees, and all at once, the magic mist dispersed. They were astonished when they saw the man, and all fell silent. Then Odysseus said,....

p. 403 lines 84-90

Apollo had foretold that this would be the start of suffering for Greeks and Trojans, through the plans of Zeus. So sang the famous bard. Odysseus with his strong hands picked up his heavy cloak of purple, and he covered up his face. He was ashamed to let the see him cry. Each time the singer paused, Odysseus wiped tears, drew down the cloak and poured a splash of wine out of his goblet, for the gods.

P. 415

Book 9 is like the beginning of Odysseus's story

P. 415 20-27

I am Odysseus, Laertes's son, known for my many clever tricks and lies.My fame extends to heaven, but I live in Ithaca, where shaking forest hides Mount Neriton. Most people do this in this time.

p. 415 lines 34-41

But she never swayed my heart, since when a man is far from home, living abroad, there is no sweeter thing than his own native land and family. Now let me tell you all the trouble Zeus has caused me on my journey home from Troy. A blast of wind pushed me off course towards the Cicones in Ismarus.

P. 687 line 7

I Oedipus whom all men call the Great. Oedipus at Thebes.

Oedipus loves being called the savior. He thinks he is doing good but he is the actual problem

Lots of dramatic irony

p. 691 lines 162-165

Whoever he was the killed the king may readily wish to dispatch me with his murderous hand; so helping the dead king I help myself.

Oedipus curses himself because he does not know that he is actually the one who killed is father.

Oedipus the King

first example of a murder investigation story

P. 707-708 lines 870, 881-885, 890

When I heard this I fled, and in the days that followed I would measure from the stars the where about of Corinth- yes I fled.

He that led the way and the old man himself wanted to thrust me out of the road by force. I became angry and struck the coachman who was pushing me.

I killed them all

P. 705 line 771

Prophets are always right. Oedipus: that I'm the murder of Laius

p. 710 line1010 -1017

Messenger- No. He is in his grave. Death has got him.

Jocasta- Is that truth? Is Oedipus' father dead?

Messenger- May I die if it be otherwise!

Jocasta- Be quick and run to the king with the new! O oracles of the gods, where are you now? It was from this man Oedipus fled, lest he should be his murder! And now he is dead, in the course of nature, and not killed by Oedipus.

Not true

This proves the gods don't control anything.

Oedipus means

swollen foot

p. 711 line 1058

Merope, old man, Polybus' wife

p. 712 lines 1095-1097

Oedipus: Was I a child you bought or found when I was given to him?

Messenger: On Cithaeron's slopes in the twisting thickets you were found.

Oedipus cares

more about truth then comfort

p. 713 line 1110

Oedipus: Was this my father's doing or my mother's. Oedipus is asking many questions about where he came from in the next from lines.

Jocasta: Why ask of whom he spoke? Don't give it heed; nor try to keep in mind what has been said. It will be wasted labour.

Oedipus characters

Oedipus: King of Thebes

Jocasta: His Wife

Teiresias, an Old Blind Prophet

A priest

First Messenger

Second Messenger

A Herdsman

A Chorus of Old Men of Thebes

p. 442 lines 58-61

'Lord Odysseus, you master every circumstance. But I had bad luck from some god, and too much wine befuddled me.

p. 443 lines 140

I saw my mother's spirit, sitting in silence near the blood, refusing even to talk to me, or meet my eyes!

P. 444

With that, Tiresias, the prophet spirit, was finished; he departed to the house of Hades. I stayed rooted there in place until my mother came and drank the blood. She knew me then and spoke in tones of grief.

My child! How did you come here through the darkness while you were still alive? This place is hard for living men to see. There are great rivers and dreadful gulfs, including the great Ocean which none can cross on foot; one needs a ship.

P. 445 line 201-203

No, it was missing you, Odysseus, my sunshine; your sharp mind, and your kind heart. That took sweet life from me.

p. 450-451

So you must never treat your wife too well. Do not let her know everything you know. This is Odysseus getting advice from Agamemnon

P. 452 Lines 489-491

I would prefer to be a workmen, hired by a poor man on a peasant farm, than rule as king of all the dead.

Odysseus has a different perspective on this topic.

p. 459 line 193

Their song was so melodious, I longed to listen more. I told my men to free me.

p. 470 lines 186-192

Meanwhile Odysseus who had been sleeping in his own native land of Ithaca, woke up, but did not recognize the place from which he had been absent for so long. Pallas Athena cast a mist upon it, so she could tell hm how things stood, and make him unrecognizable to his own wife and family.

p. 472 lines 292-295

To outwit you in all your tricks, a person or a god would need to be an expert at deceit. You clever rascal! So duplicitous so talented at lying!

474 lines 371-374

Athena set them all inside, and fixed the door-stone up, and then they planned how to destroy the suitors.

Athena makes Odysseus look older.

P. 559 lines 1-6

With glinting eyes, Athena put a thought into the mind of wise Penelope, the daughter of Icarius: to place the bow and iron axes in the hall of great Odysseus, and set the contest which would begin the slaughter.

P. 563-564

They were far to weak Antinous and Eurymachus, the leaders, strongest and most impressive of the suitors, had still not had their turn.

Meanwhile the swineherd and cowherd has both gone outside the house. Odysseus himself came after them, the courtyard, in a friendly voice said, "Cowherd and Swineherd, I am hesitating whether to speak out openly; my impulse is to Ben frank.

The cowherd said, "O Father Zeus, please make this wish come true, that he may come! May spirits guide him home! Then you would see how well-prepared I can fight for him!" Eumaeus prayed in turn that all gods would bring Odysseus back home. The man who thought of everything now knew their minds, and said to them, I am here now

P. 544 lines 390-395

He had a premonition in his heart that when she touched him, she would feel his scar and all would be revealed. She kneeled beside him and washed her master.Suddenly, she felt the scar.

She knows it is him.

P. 545

This is where it talks about how Odysseus received his scare.

P. 568 lines 409-410

P. 569 432-435

Odysseus with ease, strung the bow.

With his eyebrows he signaled, and his son strapped on his sword, picked up his spear, and stood on beside his chair, next to his father, his bronze weapons flashing

P. 569-570

Odysseus and Telemachus start killing all of the suitors for revenge on how they treated wife/mom and their house.

Eurymachus tries to reason with Odysseus but it does not work. Odysseus starts killing suitors again.

p. 578

so lay the suitors, heaped across each other.

The only two left was

Odysseus and his son.

P. 579 lines 437-441

Now we must start to clear the corpses out. The girls must help. Then clean my stately chairs and handsome tables with sponge fine as honeycomb, and water. when the whole house is set in proper order, restore my halls to health, take out the girls.

P. 601 line 505

Odysseus tells Telemachus that this is the true test of worth when they go to battle

P. 596 line 303

Odysseus lies to his father about who he really is

p. 408

This page talks about a goddess sleeping with someone other then her husband. Penelope the whole story stays faithful the Odysseus.

The gods do not care about Husband/wife

P. 416

Odysseus brags about taking a city and its money and women

P. 417

Odysseus comes to the land of the Cyclopes and says they are not a city

P. 419

The Cyclopes was not a good host. Odysseus doesn't care if his crew lives of dies. He is not the best leader to have. He doesn't listen to others.

P. 420

Cyclopes says he doesn't fear Zeus

P. 424-425

Odysseus and the Cyclopes fight. The Cyclopes kills some of his men.

Odysseus being funny says the Cyclopes's name. The Cyclops calls on water god which is his dad and he messes with Odysseus for many years to come. This is why Odysseus was not home yet.

Sophocles wrote

Oedipus the King

Homer wrote

The Odyssey

in medias res

in the middle of things

Teleological

the study of design or purpose in natural phenomena