Ch.1 Cold War U.S. A level History
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53 Terms
Communism
A political and economic ideology where wealth is distributed based on need, aiming for a classless society. It often involves the abolition of private property and central planning of the economy.
Capitalism
Individuals compete and encouraged to work hard for reward. Range of parties and importance of freedom.
What was the Truman Doctrine?
Key ideas put forward by Truman. America had the obligation to support free peoples who were resisting subjugation by outside pressures.
What had been American foreign policy before the Doctrine?
Isolationist approach focused on domestic issues and avoiding entanglement in foreign conflicts.
How did the soviets see the Truman doctrine?
Attempt to expand US sphere of influence.
The Traditional approach
1945-1965 Soviet Union is to blame for the Cold War.
The revisionist approach
1960’s the U.S. is to blame for the Cold War
Post-Revisionist Approach
1970’s U.S. and Soviet Union is to blame but majority of the blame is to the Soviet Union
What alliance was strained due to the USSR's former pact with Hitler?
Wartime alliance against Axis powers
Why did tensions grow on the Eastern Front during WWII?
US and UK did not send help to Eastern Front
When did the US officially recognize the USSR as a country?
1930s
What conferences included secret agreements and broken promises about Poland?
Yalta and Potsdam
How was Truman's attitude towards Stalin different from FDR's?
He was less diplomatic
Which two rival nations both sat on the UN Security Council after WWII?
US and USSR
What divided Germany and Berlin into East and West after WWII?
The Iron Curtain
Why did Soviets see NATO as a threat?
It united Western allies
What was the purpose of the Warsaw Pact?
To create a buffer zone
What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine?
Contain Soviet influence
Which two countries first received aid under the Truman Doctrine?
Greece and Turkey
How did the Marshall Plan aim to reduce communism's appeal?
By rebuilding Europe’s economy
Did the Soviets accept Marshall Plan aid?
No, they rejected it
What Cold War policies contributed to rising global tensions?
Truman Doctrine and Containment
What organization was created for intelligence and covert operations during the Cold War?
CIA
What is Containment?
a U.S. foreign policy strategy aimed at stopping the spread of communism.
What is the Domino Theory?
a Cold War-era belief that if one country fell to communism, then neighboring countries would also fall, like a row of dominoes.
This idea was used to justify U.S. involvement in regions like Southeast Asia, particularly in Vietnam, to prevent the spread of communism.
What agreement divided Berlin into occupation zones?
The Yalta Agreement (1945).
Which countries formed independent democratic West Berlin?
United States, Britain, and France.
Who controlled communist East Berlin?
The Soviet Union.
Why did the Soviets create a land blockade into West Berlin?
They felt threatened by the creation of West Berlin.
How did Truman respond to the Soviet blockade?
He launched the Berlin Airlift, flying supplies into West Berlin.
How long did the Berlin Airlift last?
Over 300 days (almost a year).
What was the result of the Berlin Airlift?
Stalin was forced to remove the blockade.
How did the Berlin Airlift affect the Cold War?
It escalated tensions between East and West.
What did Stalin refuse to commit to at Potsdam?
To allow free elections in Eastern Europe
Who led the Chinese Communist Party during the revolution?
Mao Zedong.
Who led the Chinese Nationalists during the civil war?
Chiang Kai-shek.
Why did many peasants in China support the communists?
They promised land reform and an end to inequality.
What role did corruption play in the fall of the Nationalists?
Nationalist leaders were seen as corrupt and unable to improve life for ordinary people.
What happened to the Nationalists after they lost the civil war?
They fled to Taiwan in 1949.
What government was established in mainland China in 1949?
The People’s Republic of China (Communist).
How did the U.S. respond to Communist China’s victory?
The U.S. refused to recognize Communist China and instead recognized Taiwan as the official China for decades.
Why did the U.S. see China’s revolution as a threat?
It showed that communism was spreading in Asia, which challenged U.S. containment policy.
What happened on June 25, 1950?
North Korea invaded South Korea, starting the Korean War.
Who supported North Korea in the Korean War?
The Soviet Union and later Communist China.
Who supported South Korea in the Korean War?
The United States and United Nations forces.
What was the original dividing line between North and South Korea?
The 38th parallel.
Why did President Truman want a limited war in Korea?
To prevent the war from expanding into World War III with China or the USSR.
Why was General MacArthur fired?
He challenged Truman’s authority by publicly pushing for a larger war against China.
How did the Korean War end?
With an armistice in 1953, creating a stalemate.
What is the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)?
A heavily guarded border separating North and South Korea since 1953.
How did the Korean War affect U.S. foreign policy?
It strengthened the U.S. commitment to contain communism worldwide.
Why is North Korea communist today?
It developed under Soviet and Chinese influence after the war.
Why is South Korea democratic today?
It developed under U.S. and Western influence after the war.